The issues of the development of rural areas and social and labor sphere of the village, the creation of the necessary conditions for the life of the rural population are shown. Such statement of the problem in view of the transition from the traditional agricultural problem of fixing personnel to the territorial one requires the formation of new approaches that would allow considering the rural area as an integral system of the formation and reproduction of the labor resource potential. The estimation of the involvement of labor resources in agricultural production is presented, as well the need of the agricultural sector for professional personnel, stimulation of their inflow into the village, the factors of increasing the employment and incomes of the rural population, increasing its level and quality of life, creating agro-towns as centers of economic growth have been determined. Measures enhancing the increased motivation of labor activity in rural areas and the effective use of labor potential in agriculture are proposed. Possible options for the use of labor resources in the conditions of social and economic modernization of the rural economy, aimed at increasing labor productivity, ensuring productive employment in the countryside are proposed. The study made it possible to objectively assess the positive changes in the reproduction of labor potential of rural residents, especially youth and agricultural personnel, to monitor the value orientations of rural youth, to forecast the needs for workplaces by involving unused labor resources.

The issues of agricultural sector development are considered. The role and significance of public support are shown. It is confirmed that effective development of agricultural production influences on the balanced State economy, and food security. On the basis of the statistical method, the volume of food production, the level of labor productivity in agriculture, investments to the fixed assets, the support of agro-industrial complex from the State budget, the systematic approach to scientific research in agricultural sector as a priority direction of the national economy are shown. The issues related to the development of livestock and crop production have been updated. The directions of solving the problems of agro-industrial production development in Kazakhstan are determined, and well-grounded conclusions are drawn.

The main problems of the development of the republic's agriculture in the context of the integration processes in the EAEU are analyzed. It is noted that the model of economic development with the dominance of agricultural sector and raw materials export orientation becomes the most vulnerable to external challenges. It is shown that the States of the Eurasian Economic Union have a significant potential of agricultural production, the use of which is possible only on the basis of the introduction of a modern model of intensification of agroindustrial production. Identical factors that restrict the development of agricultural sector of Kazakhstan and Russia are identified, which are related to the small-scale nature of production, technological backwardness, low level of processing of products, preservation of import dependence. The advantages of agricultural production in a single customs territory, risks of free circulation of goods and services are highlighted. The tendency of the growth of public financing of agro-industrial complex in the EAEU countries is shown, which often has the inefficient subsidizing practice. The emphasis was placed on the absence of special joint programs on State regulation of development of integration in agricultural sector. The authors state that the objectivity and expediency of integration processes in the AIC of Kazakhstan and Russia are beyond any doubt.

The directions of solving the problems of food security at the expense of increasing labor productivity in domestic production are considered. In particular, to achieve the republic's food independence, as well as the competitiveness of manufactured products, a set of measures on the development of agro-industrial production was proposed. The directions of State regulation of AIC are recommended. A comprehensive analysis of its sustainable development has been carried out. Practical recommendations on increasing labor productivity in agriculture are proposed. Factors affecting its level, competitiveness of agro-industrial enterprises are revealed. The risks and their negative consequences, which hinder the development of the industry, are identified. The implementation of the State Program on the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 will contribute to the growth of production of goods that have a demand on the domestic and world markets, the use of new technologies - which is the basis for the transition to digital economy. The issues of effective functioning of regional agro-industrial complex are reflected.

Innovative policy in the AIC is aimed at the effective agro-industrial production. The article explores the ways of development of agricultural sector on the basis of innovative processes, their specificity is investigated, classification of the types of innovations in AIC is done, measures aimed to increase innovative activity are offered. Innovative development of agricultural sphere of the republic is one of the main conditions for the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex on the world market. The sectoral structure of investments to the agricultural sphere is analyzed and ways of increasing the investment attractiveness of agro-industrial sector are shown based on the transition to the production of competitive and high-tech export-oriented products.

The availability of food, its accessibility and nutritional quality remains an important issue, in view of the expected increase in food demand and demographic growth. The paper includes the analysis of the essence and criteria of food security on self-sufficiency, physical and economic availability, stability of food maintenance, food consumption. A comparative analysis of food security in different countries was conducted. It was revealed that nutrition of the population of the republic is characterized by imbalanced diet, especially the most vulnerable and low-income groups. The possibility of creating agricultural innovation systems for addressing the issues of increasing food independence is shown. On the basis of foreign experience, appropriate measures of agricultural policy were proposed.

For increasing the investment activity in agro-industrial production, the author suggests investment directions based on lending, subsidizing, transition from full budget financing of investment projects to equity participation in their implementation, funding of the developments, and introduction of innovative technologies. The use of foreign investment can be carried out through government borrowing as a form of contribution to the share capital of agricultural enterprises, which will facilitate the renovation and reconstruction of fixed assets. The role of financial and cred- it policy in the agrifood sector is underlined, which lies in stimulating the increased production efficiency, structural reorganization, development of market infrastructure, support of strategically important production facilities and objects, and creating the prerequisites for competition on the external and internal markets. The objectives of selecting lending objects based on the analysis of the aggregate needs of enterprises which have temporary and permanent character, and taking into account the actual ratio between own and borrowed funds of agricultural entities by the creditor are considered. The most important issue for them is investing to the fixed assets.

Recommendations for production relative to the structure and combination of crops cannot be universal, even in the conditions of one natural and economic zone. Concerning the diversification of crop production, they are of practical value to commodity producers only in the case when not only natural and economic factors are taken into account, but also economic risks and the attitudes of producers to them. Effective economic structuring is based on the competent use of such phenomenon as covariance of the results of production of different types of products. Whereas the interaction between sustainability and the economic effect of economic activity, as a rule, is reverse. In the conditions of comprehensive informatization and digitization of socio-economic life, not only methods of solving economic problems are particularly important, the computerization and automation of analysis and decision-making play the key role. Comprehensive informatization of agricultural sector is one of the powerful reserves of increasing its efficiency and sustainability. The paper presents the computerized technique of optimizing the structure and combination of crops in economic entities in the context of risks which is based on a mathematical risk model. The calculation algorithm is programmed in the MS Excel environment and covers all stages of the process: the provision of input data, their transfer to the model, the search for the optimal solution, the derivation of its results.

The paper explores the concept "social entrepreneurship", which is gaining universal popularity, its criteria and features. The survey of the population was carried out to reveal the degree of knowledge of this issue, the tendencies of the development of social entrepreneurship in the republic, the current state and the problems of its development have been shown. Social entrepreneurship is actively developing in the cities such as Almaty, Astana, Shymkent, Kostanay. It is revealed that the priority areas are as follows: creation of new jobs for vulnerable segments of the population, environmental protection, educational services and services in the field of health care. However, there are many constraining factors in solving this problem: imperfect legal basis, lack of awareness of tenders, low level of involvement of sponsors.

The directions of the State policy of support of small business, necessary for economic stability, development of market infrastructure, effective protection of intellectual property, reduction of administrative procedures are shown. At the same time, the market mechanism allows to prioritize, the State implements the correction of the development of innovative small business. The experience of developed countries is presented, which is characterized by the expansion of small business based on the development of infrastructure as a component of the regional potential. It was revealed that small businesses need communication with organizations which provide information, lending, marketing, patenting and other services that contribute to the formation of scientific based sector of economy and a highly effective innovation mechanism. The infrastructure of entrepreneurship is shown as a set of mutually complementary production and technical systems for the implementation of innovative activity. In Kazakhstan, support for small business is an important element of the State economic policy. The comprehensive approach is very important which involves the effective use of public resources, as well as forms of support for territorial government.

The world tendencies of production development are considered and key indicators of the organic agricultural products market are given. In Kazakhstan organic production has been cultivated for more than 10 years, during the last 5-7 years the organic products market has been formed. The article reflects the results of research on the organic flax market and prices for it, substantiates the proposals on the transition of agribusinesses to the organic method of agricul- tural production. A model of transition to the ecologically and economically efficient system of production of flax and apples is proposed based on the example of specific peasant farms in the Almaty and Kostanay regions. The model consists of a chain of successive operations including assessment of the environmental suitability of land to product sales to the consumer and creating added value. The production will have important consumer characteristics: ecological, aesthetic, social, etc. The implementation of the model of transition of agribusinesses to organic production methods contributes to the replenishment of the niche of ecologically clean products available on the domestic agricultural market, the creation of opportunities for the export of organic food products and agricultural raw materials to international markets, income of organic producers at the expense of added value.

One of the main tasks of sustainable development of agro-industrial production in Kazakhstan is its financial provision. The article deals with the problems of State regulation of the AIC of the Republic in recent years. It is noted that the strategic importance and specific features of the agricultural sector development require the development of special approaches to investing at the regional level. The important direction of State regulation of the economic development of the industry is the investment volume as one of the main factors contributing to the sustainable development of AIC, solving the problems of updating the regional technical and technological basis, reducing the depreciation of fixed assets in agriculture. Features of circulation of financial assets of agricultural enterprises, which are the combination of relations with regard to the formation, distribution and use of monetary resource funds, predetermine the search for the main sources of financing agricultural sector. The analysis of the composition and structure of financial resources of the republic's AIC for 2012-2016 is carried out, the dependence between costs and profitability of agricultural production is shown. Proposals on further improvement of financial support for agro-industrial production are given. The main sources of formation of primary incomes of agricultural, forestry and fishery enterprises of Kazakhstan for 2010-2016 are analyzed.

Most literary sources on financial literacy reflect the economic development of the developed countries and a small number of studies focuses on developing and transit economies. Following the experience of the countries with advanced economies, developing countries began to pay more attention to these problems, which for the rural areas of Kazakhstan are an important component of economic growth of the republic. However, the existing programs focus mainly on the urban population and often cover only a small part of the rural population. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2014 in four rural areas of the Pavlodar region. The analysis and subsequent developments were based on information taken from 405 respondents. Survey of rural residents concerned the issues of interest rate, understanding of the inflation process, the essence of the mortgage, and financial services.

Currently, Kazakhstan banks do not have enough funds for long-term financing of large- scale agricultural projects. To solve this problem, in our opinion, it is advisable to turn to Islamic securities sukuk. This financial instrument is widely known in the countries of the Islamic world and the European banking community. The article shows the financing schemes for large agricultural projects for Kazakhstan, which are developed on the basis of sukuk ideology. Islamic sukuk securities have long been of great interest to the business community of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an alternative source of raising funds for financing infrastructure and investment projects. The use of this tool does not require significant changes in the current legislation in the field of securities issuance, which has raised the interest in sukuk not only in the countries of the Islamic world. The market of Islamic financing annually grows by an average of 15%. The leading role in the integration of Islamic sukuk securities with Kazakhstan economy can be played by domestic banks as leading organizers of sukuk issues, consultants of Kazakhstan companies on the opportunities and features of the application of this financial tool and thereby contribute to attracting investments in the domestic economy, including from the Persian Gulf countries.

An analytical review of the current state of microlending in agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, as well as financial policy to improve the situation in the agricultural sector of the Republic, is presented. The conditions which form the basic directions of microlending are determined. The system-forming factors for creating a mechanism for implementing modern financial regulation and microlending aimed in improving the state of AIC and sub-sectors are considered. Most microfinance organizations provide individual and mortgage loans with mandatory collateral, which reduce the risk for microcredit institutions themselves, and limit the number of potential borrowers. Small entrepreneurs who want to obtain microloans are constrained by the lack of adequate collateral. Characteristic features of microloan and microlending organization are the orientation towards certain social groups (often the poor), the presentation of small loans, the strategy of their return, taking into account the interests of the client as much as possible. Very often, in microlending such unconventional type of security is used, as a group guarantee, i.e. formation of loan groups, whose members mutually guarantee return of received loans. The basic concept is microloan, that is, borrowed funds, the amount of which is set for certain target groups by regulatory documents and they are issued to borrowers in a special order (or methodology). In accordance with this, microlending is understood as a system of economic relations, which includes participants who provide and receive microloan.

The main problems of regulation of leasing relations are considered. The role of leasing in the economy and leasing financing is shown. According to leasing companies data, the main parameters of leasing market in Kazakhstan are analyzed. Currently, there are four main areas of organizing leasing in the country. The stipulated value of financial leasing contracts is determined, the volumes of activity of leasing companies and leasing providers on market are shown. The current state and prospects of domestic leasing development are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the development of leasing operations is presented. Three main stages of leasing relations management have been identified. The advantages of leasing and its difference from a bank loan are presented. In recent years, several large leasing companies have left the Kazakhstani market or completely stopped financing leasing operations. The significant potential of domestic investors - suppliers of leasing services and the ability of government structures to guarantee the development of leasing relations are shown. The main attention is paid to the analysis of leasing market in national economy and the volume of new leasing transactions of Kazakhstani leasing companies. The ways of improving leasing activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan are suggested.

Measures taken by the government are aimed to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the food industry, reduce the volume of foreign products on domestic market, increase food security and expand access of Kazakhstani products to foreign markets. The development of the domestic food industry, its transformation into a highly efficient and highly profitable sector of the economy are of great importance for increasing the living standard of the population. The article presents the results of theoretical and practical research of the authors concerning the problems of the development of the country's food industry in the context of expanding integration processes. The data on gross domestic product for recent years, the main indicators of food production by types of economic activity, the volume of production of domestic producers of milk and butter are presented. It is noted that the development of the food industry in Kazakhstan is relevant in the face of population growth of the country, increasing consumption of higher quality and diverse food products. In order to increase the competitiveness of products in the food enterprises, it is necessary to introduce cluster principles for increasing production efficiency, management and marketing tools. The use of SWOT analysis helps to identify the main problems that hinder the effective operation of clusters and production of high-quality products.

The globalization of the economy creates opportunities for Kazakhstan to more fully interact with the world economy. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure protection of domestic producers, to create competitive conditions for enterprises of grain-based subcomplex on domestic and foreign markets. The special role of food security at the world and national levels is shown, which is provided at the expense of potential opportunities for production of basic types of food, first of all grain. The grain product subcomplex is considered as one of the main components of the agro-industrial complex in terms of production and technical indicators, the turnover of financial resources, and the number of employed workers. It is emphasized that sustainable development of agricultural and grain processing enterprises is of great importance in ensuring food security and social stability of the country, since bread products traditionally occupy a significant share in the structure of nutrition of the population of Kazakhstan. Production, resources and consumption of grain, the state of grain market are taken as the main indicators of food security in the world and each country in particular. It is noted that the situation on domestic grain production is a consequence of the influence of numerous internal factors, which include low purchase prices in the supply of grain for export and domestic market, high production costs of agricultural products.

Kazakhstan is one of the largest exporters of wheat and one of the top ten world leaders. More than one third of the crop is annually sent to foreign countries. The authors analyzed the main statistical indicators that characterize the wheat market in the republic, show the current situation and the dynamics of its development in recent years. The indicators are presented in comparison with the average values for the country and regions. The process of wheat production is influenced by various factors: weather conditions, agrotechnologies, seed reproduction, and the quality of Kazakhstani wheat is very important. In the article the factors preventing the stable development of wheat market are considered, the main ones are as follows: low production profitability, the need for constant updating of machinery, working capital. The authors justified the reasons for the reduction of wheat areas in the republic, the decreased grain quality. The dynamics of export of Kazakhstan wheat by directions is presented. As an exporter of wheat, in order to maintain competitiveness, it is necessary to constantly improve its quality indicators. Kazakhstan has the resources to increase the profitability of wheat market. It is important that its producers have the opportunity to carry out the necessary agrotechnical measures due to their own profits.

The main problems of livestock production which are typical for the agroindustrial complex are considered. The authors analyzed the state of the Akmola region. Dynamics of livestock produc- tion, in particular, beef for the last 6 years, trends in the increase in livestock population are shown. The dynamic growth of the population of all types of farm animals is shown as a factor influencing on the livestock sector output. The main problems faced by producers of beef are identified, among them - a weak forage base, small-scale production, poor quality of products, non-observance of veterinary and sanitary standards, etc. Using econometric methods, the authors investigated the influence of some factors on the formation of others. Based on the correlation analysis, the dependence of meat production volumes on the number of cattle, the availability of feed, the yield of a litter per 100 cows , and the average live weight of cattle is shown. The authors analyzed the factors affecting the production of beef in the Akmola region. The study focuses on the study of fodder production issues. Based on the results of theoretical and practical research on the problems of the livestock industry, conclusions were drawn and proposals developed.

The current state of the livestock sector in the Aktobe region is shown, the problems of its development are identified, and the ways of their solution are determined. The results of the studies revealed the need to create livestock exchange stock as a factor in expanding the industry in the region. Despite the government measures of its support, this sphere of activity remains problematic. The inadequate number of highly productive livestock, the task of improving its breed composition, the problems of fodder production, the low productivity of animals, the lack of high technologies for processing livestock products remain the main reasons restraining the development of the industry in the region. For the first time in the country in the region, it is planned to create the livestock exchange stock that meets world standards and is based on the use of modern digital computer technologies. The formation of a real price, the creation of a modern logistic system, business partnerships between livestock market participants will allow small livestock farms to compete with large-scale livestock farms, and this, in turn, will help increase the marketability of economic entities. As a result, they will receive an incentive for specialization in the areas of activity. This is the range of tasks that the first livestock exchange stock in Kazakhstan and the Aktobe region should solve.

The economic aspects of milk production in Kazakhstan are presented. According to statistical data, the analysis of the output is analyzed and the dynamics of the cattle population in all categories of farms, the average milk yield per cow are presented. For comparison, the data of foreign countries on maximum productivity of animals during lactation are presented. Some problems of the industry development have been identified and qualitative and quantitative analysis has been done. The article considers three main factors affecting the productivity of animals: the genetic potential of livestock, feeding and care. Based on genetic features and data over the past 5 years, the average yield of calves per 100 cows has been analyzed, and a mechanism of the effective use of seed has been proposed. To increase the competitiveness of domestic milk producers, measures of public support are presented. Taking into account the state of development of the dairy industry in the country, recommendations on the use of innovative technologies in the dairy industry based on the automation of technological processes similar to those in the EAEU countries have been done. In Kazakhstan, 77.2% of milk is produced in the households of the population, the authors consider it expedient to combine them into cooperatives to solve the problems of servicing and marketing of products.

The authors focus on the export and import of fish products, the advantages of the geographical location of the country, as well as the growing traditional fish markets. The importance of the development of the fisheries, ensuring the effective use of the export potential of Kazakhstan is shown. The problems and prospects of further expansion of the industry in the republic are determined. The volume of production of fisheries and aquaculture has been analyzed. The foreign experience of such countries as Lithuania, Germany, Denmark, Russia, Poland, Canada, China, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Ukraine has been studied. Demand for fish products on domestic market is determined by the following factors: the overall economic situation in the country, the level of inflation, the solvency of the population, production volume, export, import, sale of fish, sea food, competitiveness of fish products, assortment, quality of processed fish products. SWOT analysis was used to assess the potential of the fisheries in Kazakhstan.

The role of land monitoring in agriculture as one of the main branches in solving the food security of the republic is shown. The analysis of the results of monitoring of lands for 2017 is conducted. It was revealed that in the Akmola region, out of 16 observation points in 15 - the humus concentration in the plow horizon, gross nitrogen, phosphorus and exchange potassium decreased. It was determined that along with land monitoring using stationary ecological sites and semi-stationary ones, it is necessary to apply GIS-technologies, in particular land remote sensing. It has been revealed that today in the agricultural sector there are systems for citizens that do not have unified access to a number of services, one of which is land cadastre. It is determined that the use of GIS-technologies will increase the productivity of agricultural production, will promote the growth of competitiveness of agricultural products. Digitalization in agriculture will create conditions for increasing production volumes, increasing the export potential of the country's agro-industrial complex. The dynamics of the state of crops based on space images is shown. Their analysis was done based on the example of the land plot of Akmola region. Conclusions on further improvement of land monitoring, based on the application of GIS technologies were done.

The necessity and organizational and economic preconditions for the development of the process of uniting agricultural producers into agricultural cooperatives with the purpose of organizing joint production, storage, processing, marketing of agricultural products, providing them with the basic means of production and service maintenance in Kazakhstan have been revealed. The analysis of the existing forms of agricultural cooperation, the factors constraining its development, the current mechanism of public support for agricultural cooperatives by types of activity is presented. Positive and negative directions of co-operation of small businesses have been determined. It was proposed to make changes in the activities of agricultural cooperatives: improve the system of their financial and lending support, improve information and consulting services and scientific support, strengthen and develop the system of training personnel for agricultural cooperation, and create an effective mechanism for economic relations between cooperating members.

The current state of agricultural cooperation in the republic, constraining factors, forms of public support and prospects for development are considered. The problems of functioning of small businesses, the principles of cooperation are determined. The foreign experience of creating consumer cooperatives is presented based on the example of Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland. The factors constraining the development of cooperation of small entities in Almaty area are shown. The need to create service cooperatives and their widespread use in the agro-industrial complex is justified. Areas of activity of agricultural cooperatives that contribute to reducing barriers on labor market, in the production of goods and services are defined. On the basis of the study, measures were proposed to further develop agricultural cooperation in the country.

The labor market as a multi-faceted, heterogeneous, dynamic system of socioeconomic relations is designed to ensure the reproduction and effective use of labor. With the development of scientific, technical, technological and informational progress, the role of the labor market is growing. One of the factors of effective production is the labor potential. The agricultural reforms carried out in the country have revealed important issues in the sphere of labor market formation and regulation, which require an early solution. The article deals with the problems of rural employment, which have significantly worsened in the transformation period, due to the reduction in the volume of agricultural production and social infrastructure of the village. There is a need to develop and apply new market mechanisms for regulating employment in order to increase the economic activity of the rural population, reduce unemployment in rural regional territories, and increase the incomes of rural residents. The analysis showed that rural labor resources are the fundamental element of the productive potential of agriculture and the main driving force of the innovative development of the agricultural sector in the region. On the background of the decrease in the efficiency of the use of labor potential, which is typical for most regions of Kazakhstan, the direction to strengthen the manageability of the labor market is relevant. The article proposes measures to promote the development of the rural labor market, improve the living standards of the rural population.

The main measures of public support of employment in agriculture of the republic are shown, problems of labor market in rural areas are investigated, directions of their solution within the framework of the State programs in the field of ensuring productive and rational employment, development of entrepreneurship are presented. The mechanism of labor market regulation in agricultural sphere, its indicators, macroeconomic analysis of indicators are presented. At present, the problem of rural unemployment, including unemployment of rural youth, is relevant. Effective use of labor resources at the stage of industrial-innovative development of national economy and diversification of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the main factor in increasing the employment of the rural population.

Features of bread and bakery products market development in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered, problems are analyzed. Bread and bakery products belong to the goods of strategic importance, and for consumers are products of primary necessity and primary demand, therefore the analysis of the functioning of this industry is highly relevant. In the article the dynamics of production volumes of bakery products in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2014-2016 is presented. Economic analysis in this segment was conducted, dominant and main players on market of bread and bakery products in Almaty and Almaty region were determined. The analysis of the activity indicators of the bakery complex of LLP Almaty for 2010-2017 is presented, the correlation and regression analysis of the factors that have a significant impact on the enterprise's income is carried out. A multifactorial regression model is constructed and an economic interpretation of the results of regression statistics is determined, activity is predicted for subsequent periods, factors determining the quality of bread and bakery products are determined. Increasing the share of bakery products contributes to the development of the bakery industry, providing the population with a healthy food products, accelerating the country's innovative development.