Peer-reviewed journal "Problems of AgriMarket"
Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following: Authors retain copyright in their work and grant this journal first publication rights under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits others to distribute the work, provided they maintain attribution to the original authors and the original publication in this journal. Authors retain the right to make separate contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work as published here (e.g., depositing it in institutional repository, publishing it in a book), with a link back to its original publication in this journal. Authors have the right to make their work available online (e.g., in institutional repository or on personal website) before and during its review by this journal, as this may lead to productive discussion and more citations of the work (see The Effect of Open Access).
Strategic objectives in ensuring Kazakhstan’s food security
Kazakhstan’s agrarian sector is the most important sphere of the republic’s economy, possessing significant resources for supplying the population with food within rational dietary nutritional standards and for exporting substantial volumes of grain, oilseed crops, vegetables, and meat. The objective - is to provide a scientific substantiation of the task of strengthening the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the current socio-economic situation. Methods include the analytical method for studying trends in the development of the AIC and the provision of products to regional populations, the monographic method for identifying factors affecting the level of food accessibility, and the calculation-constructive method for determining prospective parameters of deep structural changes in agricultural sectors. Results – the state, problems, and ways of solving the food issue in the country are analyzed. In recent decades, there has been a trend of growth in agricultural production; at the same time, the level of consumption of a number of the most important agricultural goods does not meet medical dietary standards through domestic production. There are barriers to the transformation of the processing industry, and the capacities of processing enterprises are underutilized, which causes high imports of certain types of food, a steady increase in prices for basic products, i.e., inflation in the food market is intensifying, while at the same time the rate of growth of the population’s incomes is insignificant, which reduces its ability to use food products. The noted arguments are a consequence of insufficient state regulation of the agro-industrial complex. Conclusions – the authors of the article recommend the implementation of organizational and economic measures and the designation of target priorities in improving the domestic agrarian segment, aimed at overcoming difficulties in food provision, improving the effectiveness of agro-food activities and increasing the incomes of rural residents, and ensuring stable economic and demographic advancement. It seems appropriate to carry out monitoring, forecasting, and control of the state of food self-sufficiency.
Transformation of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan from traditional methods to innovative modernization
Kazakhstan’s agriculture operates in a zone of high-risk farming and is highly dependent on climate change, droughts (2–3 out of every 5 years are drought years), floods, inundations, insufficient financial resources, inflation in energy prices, and the level of the material and technical base. The experience of economically developed countries demonstrates that the application of innovative technologies, digitalization, artificial intelligence, modern agricultural production management systems, the Internet of Things, automation, and robotics in the agricultural sector enables producers to achieve high performance. The objective - is to examine the problems and pathways for transforming the AIC from a traditional system to an innovative one. Methods – the generalization of scientific works by foreign and domestic scholars, analysis and synthesis, and the method of experimental assessments made it possible to identify the degree of influence of digital innovations on increasing agricultural output and to determine the effectiveness of technological modernization in the republic’s agrarian sector. Results – the main objectives of high-tech developments are identified: ensuring production infrastructure (equipping it with modern machinery and equipment), increasing innovation activity, rational use of natural resources, transfer of advanced experience from developed countries, and fostering the creative thinking of a new generation of specialists. Conclusions – the introduction of innovative approaches in the agrarian sector will optimize labor productivity, enhance competitiveness, and create conditions for entering the global market with knowledge-intensive, export-oriented products with high added value. In addition, mobile platforms and Internet services are capable of connecting farmers with agricultural value chains, thereby providing access to higher-quality seeds and fertilizers that contribute to a significant increase in production and enable the marketing of food products directly to consumers, bypassing intermediaries. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening food security and expanding sources of income in rural areas.
Digitalization of the agrarian sector: the opportunities of artificial intelligence
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in agriculture is regarded as an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the rational use of resources, and reducing risks. The application of AI-based solutions within the digital transformation of the agrarian sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming crucial for improving productivity and enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural production. The objective - is to substantiate the prospects for the adoption of algorithmic intelligence mechanisms in the digitalization of the sector under the conditions of the republic’s economic diversification. Methods – analysis, comparison, and benchmarking were employed to identify priority areas of digital modernization and assess their impact on the development of the AIC, evaluate the effectiveness of digital intelligence tools, and support optimal decision-making. Statistical data processing and monitoring were used to systematize and interpret information flows. Results – the study identifies the main areas of application of artificial intelligence in agriculture and analyzes its impact on the efficiency of production processes. A significant part of the research involved conducting a sociological survey of agricultural producers in the Aktobe Region, which made it possible to collect empirical data on the challenges and potential opportunities for improving the agrarian sector during the period of digital transformation. Conclusions – digital innovative systems represent algorithms for the remote assessment of soil conditions, water resource management, and the monitoring of livestock and agricultural crops. Agricultural enterprises can obtain information on crop structure and livestock health, increase profitability, improve working conditions, and reduce environmental impacts. The complexity of integrating machine learning methods requires a careful approach and strategic planning. In the future, artificial intelligence will continue to evolve and play a key role in business transformation, contributing to the creation of intelligent and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Regional investment attractiveness of the agrarian sector: a comparative analysis of international models and Kazakhstan
The objective - is to examine international experience in enhancing regional investment attractiveness in agriculture and to substantiate its priority directions for the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to ensure sustainable positive dynamics in the agrarian sector, strengthen competitiveness, and stimulate the inflow of domestic and foreign investment into rural areas. Methods – the abstract-logical method, analysis and synthesis were applied to systematize the influencing factors; induction and deduction were used to identify patterns; comparative and institutional analysis, as well as statistical methods, were employed to compare models and assess investment volumes. Results – foreign practices for stimulating investment activity in the AIC were examined, including the transformation of agro-industrial clusters, the establishment of special economic zones, agrarian industrial parks, and digital investor support services. The structure of regional investments in agro-industrial production was analyzed, disproportions in the distribution of investment flows were identified, and the main criteria influencing the level of investment activity were determined. It was demonstrated that the modernization of agro-infrastructure, specialization of production processes, the organizational and legal environment, the effectiveness of public administration, and the availability of financial resources are of decisive importance. Practice-oriented recommendations were formulated for improving investment policy, including strengthening cluster initiatives, optimizing public-private partnership mechanisms, digitalizing the investment sphere, and enhancing the role of rural development institutions. Conclusions – the patterns of investment climate formation in agrarian regions were summarized, and the specific features of the national model were identified, taking into account sector-specific characteristics and the modernization of state support mechanisms aimed at the long-term growth of the agrarian economy. Agricultural enterprises require the implementation of scientific and technological achievements, the expansion of the cooperative movement, and the improvement of the marketing system for agricultural raw materials and food products.
Blockchain technologies in the AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan: potential and implementation mechanisms
The objective - is to identify the systemic barriers to digital transformation and substantiate ways to overcome them through decentralized data management systems in crop production and livestock farming. Methods – content analysis of global practices for the period 2023–2025 was conducted, and information from state programs and pilot projects on asset tokenization and digital product traceability in the republic was structured to understand current trends and systematize both international and domestic experience. Results – a comprehensive assessment of the integration of blockchain technology into the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out, and the main mechanisms for implementing distributed ledger technologies were identified, including the automation of agricultural insurance through meteorological oracles and smart contracts. The feasibility of using a Private Blockchain architecture to maintain a balance between audit transparency and the protection of the commercial confidentiality of agricultural holdings was confirmed. The potential of product «digital passports» for verifying «Halal» and «Organic» standards was demonstrated, which is critical for strengthening the country’s export position. The study also presents the synergy between blockchain and IoT solutions for the precise monitoring of carbon footprints within the framework of the Net-Zero strategy. The possibility of digitizing grain warehouse receipts in the Kostanay Region as a tool for reducing transaction costs was examined. Conclusions – the study demonstrates that the application of hybrid blockchain models effectively minimizes information asymmetry and eliminates inefficient intermediary links in agribusiness. The authors theoretically substantiate the necessity of developing a national agrarian blockchain ecosystem as a key element of the country's infrastructure. This digital solution ensures impeccable legal integrity in the registration of land ownership rights and fully automates the process of allocating state budget subsidies. A broad range of opportunities and prospects for cryptographic protocols in the context of mitigating institutional risks is demonstrated, significantly enhancing the long-term investment attractiveness of Kazakhstan’s agrarian sector at the international level.
Sustainable corporate development in Kazakhstan’s agrarian sector: ESG principles in the management system
The objective – is to substantiate the mechanisms for integrating ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles into the corporate strategies of agricultural holdings in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to demonstrate the extent of the gap between the investment activity of the agrarian sector and the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods – an institutional approach, comparative benchmarking based on statistical data, content analysis of the public reports of agricultural corporations, and the authors’ methodology for calculating the ESG disclosure index (ESGscore) using weighting coefficients were employed. Results – a systemic disproportionality in investment allocation was identified: although agriculture accounted for 5.1% of the republic’s total fixed capital investment, environmental expenditures were three times lower than the national benchmark (0.2% vs. 0.6% in 2025). At the same time, the authors estimated the annual potential for the environmental modernization of the AIC at KZT 7 billion. Based on the ESGscore indicator, the concepts adopted by the five largest agricultural holdings in the country were classified, making it possible to identify five transformation models. It was demonstrated that the main driver of ESG modernization in Kazakhstan is not the scale of the resource base (land bank and other assets), but rather the depth of companies’ integration into international financial institutions and the requirements of external stakeholders. Conclusions – the study confirms the pronounced institutional inertia of the agrarian sector, manifested in the neglect of environmental policy despite the growth of gross performance indicators. The authors substantiate the necessity of incorporating ESG criteria into the corporate governance strategies of large agribusiness entities in order to enhance environmental and social responsibility and ensure information transparency. Agribusiness should replace the model of «social paternalism» with the application of non-financial reporting and comply with international standards to attract green investments. ESG standards contribute to creating favorable conditions for stimulating investors, strengthening reputation in domestic and international markets, and preserving biological and natural diversity.
Agricultural machinery manufacturing in the Republic of Kazakhstan: long-term growth and pathways for modernization
The current stage of agricultural machinery development in the Republic of Kazakhstan can be characterized as a period of formation. An important priority is the further improvement of the entire manufacturing complex to meet the needs of agriculture for machinery and equipment as fully as possible. The objective – is to substantiate measures aimed at stabilizing the current situation in the agricultural machinery manufacturing sector. Methods – quantitative, qualitative, and factor analysis, as well as economic-statistical and abstract-logical methods, were employed to assess the efficiency of the machinery fleet, identify the influence of various factors on performance, and provide a basis for strategic planning and optimization of the AIC. Results – the list of priority agricultural mechanization equipment is dominated by tractors, grain harvesting machinery, and sowing equipment. At the same time, machinery for the cultivation and harvesting of rice, sugar beet, cotton, vegetable and melon crops, orchards, and vineyards is absent, with the exception of cotton harvesters. In addition, the register does not adequately include equipment required for the implementation of precision agriculture technologies. A study of the land areas operated under different forms of farming indicates that only the northern, eastern, and central regions of the republic possess the prerequisites for the rational utilization of agricultural machinery by agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) holdings. Conclusions – the key driver of modernization in Kazakhstan’s agricultural machinery manufacturing sector is the list of priority agricultural machinery and equipment, which determines the specific types of tractors, combines, sowing machines, tillage equipment, and other agricultural machinery eligible for state support programs, subsidies, or preferential lending. Taking into account this nomenclature and the types of agricultural machinery widely used worldwide and required by the country, the missing elements necessary for the further expansion and strengthening of Kazakhstan’s agricultural engineering industry within the AIC and for export development have been identified. Automation and robotics, the application of artificial intelligence and data analytics technologies, innovative materials, and the growth of agricultural production are the principal trends shaping future development.
Economic efficiency of organizational decisions in agritourism
In many countries around the world, agritourism is regarded as a popular form of tourism that combines commercial and recreational functions, contributing to increased incomes for the rural population and the diversification of the rural economy. The sustainable development of rural tourism creates a balance between profitability, the environmental sustainability of rural areas, and the improvement of the quality of life of rural residents. Management potential largely determines its investment attractiveness and competitiveness. The objective – is to assess the economic effectiveness of managerial decisions in the field of rural tourism. Methods of economic, comparative, and investment analysis were employed to substantiate investment efficiency, determine the payback period, and justify the organizational measures adopted. Results – theoretical and practical approaches to evaluating performance in relation to agritourism routes were systematized; the necessity of optimizing investment in farm tourism projects was demonstrated and the selection of the option providing the greatest effect was justified; the role of the modern agroecological tourism manager and the key competencies influencing the ability to implement effective initiatives while taking into account economic, social, and environmental aspects were identified; and the benefits of integrating agrocultural tourism projects into the activities of agricultural cooperatives were highlighted. Conclusions – the effectiveness of administrative strategies in agritourism is ensured by the high level of training and qualifications of managers, upon whom the quality of service, the level of digitalization, and the standard of services provided depend. Investments in agritourism projects generate profits but are always associated with risks and require an understanding of the specific characteristics of the hospitality, tourism, and agricultural production sectors. Only a systematic approach creates a multiplier effect, which is reflected in the creation of jobs, including for rural women and youth, the expansion of marketing channels, and the reduction of the gap between urban and rural areas.
Digital approaches in rural tourism: trends in optimization
The objective – is to demonstrate the significance of digitalization for the development and promotion of agritourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan within the context of globalization. Methods – statistical and factor analysis were employed to assess the impact of digital technologies on the expansion of tourism in rural areas and the promotion of tourism services. Results – the authors state that under current conditions, agritourism has become particularly important for addressing the socio-economic challenges of the country’s rural regions. Its development contributes to reducing rural outmigration, diversifying economic activity, and creating new sources of income for the rural population. The introduction of information and communication technologies and digital mechanisms makes it possible to optimize management processes, expand agritourism services, and improve interaction with consumers. The important role of agro-economic tourism is reflected in its ability to address employment issues, improve infrastructure that supports the sustainable adoption of innovations, and develop digital platform skills among stakeholders. Conclusions – market participants need to adopt the practical use of digital information resources to enhance the attractiveness of tourism products, thereby creating competitive advantages for Kazakhstan in the international tourism sector. The transformation of agrarian tourism is progressing steadily, drawing upon established global traditions and unique national characteristics as a promising direction for rural entrepreneurship. Thus, agritourism represents one of the approaches to revitalizing rural areas from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. Despite the existing potential and the interest shown by tourism companies and local government authorities in its expansion, a systematic approach is required; therefore, a program-based solution that takes regional specificities into account may be the most rational way to address this issue.
Institutionalization of project management in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan: barriers and priority directions
The institutionalization of project management in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is becoming particularly relevant in the context of the transformation of the public administration system and the transition to a project-oriented model of sectoral development. Contemporary challenges associated with the need to improve resource utilization efficiency, enhance the effectiveness of government programs, ensure food security, and achieve the sustainable modernization of agriculture require the introduction of modern management tools and approaches. In this context, the organization of project activities is regarded as an important mechanism for increasing transparency, coordination, and manageability within the AIC, as well as for strengthening the accountability of stakeholders in achieving target indicators. The objective – is to identify the main constraints and determine the prospects of the project-based approach. Methods – systems analysis, comparative analysis, and the examination of national strategies for the modernization of agro-industrial production, analytical reports, and scientific publications were employed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the agrarian sector and to diagnose its key challenges. Results – the study revealed the existence of an institutional gap between the level of administration and the practical implementation of projects, manifested in weak partnership interaction among stakeholders, insufficient maturity of project management offices, a shortage of qualified personnel, and the limited application of digital technologies. In addition, problems related to the regulatory and legal framework, the inadequate adaptation of international experience, and the limited mechanisms for monitoring the effectiveness of implemented initiatives were identified. Conclusions emphasize the need to optimize project infrastructure, strengthen interagency coordination, promote the widespread adoption of digitalization, and develop professional competencies, which in the long term will enhance the performance of the country's agro-industrial complex. Particular importance is attached to planning processes, accounting for agricultural product prices, monitoring tax payments, and attracting investment into the sector.
Grain reserves of the Republic of Kazakhstan: patterns of formation and utilization
The Republic of Kazakhstan, possessing favorable natural and other potential resources, has established itself as a major grain producer. Its grain is distinguished by high food and feed quality, as well as its ability to retain quality during storage, thereby contributing to the formation of emergency and reserve stocks, serving as a raw material base for the processing industry, and providing a source of income for agricultural producers. The objective – is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of current trends in the formation and utilization of grain resources in the republic, to examine the economic parameters of grain production and processing in order to substantiate the prospects of the regional grain market and the level of food security. Methods – economicstatistical, systems analysis, and comparative methods were employed to systematize data on the production and processing volumes of grain crops across different periods and regions. A logical approach was applied in interpreting the results obtained. Results – the study demonstrates that the country's grain sector continues to hold strategic importance for the national economy and food security. A stable upward trend in gross grain harvests was identified, although with signifycant dependence on climatic conditions. It was established that grain product sales are predominantly export-oriented, while domestic consumption has shown moderate growth. The key challenges facing the sector were identified, including fluctuations in crop yields, an insufficient level of technological modernization, logistical constraints, and price volatility in the global grain trade. Conclusions – the sustainable development of Kazakhstan’s grain sector requires the diversification of production processes, the introduction of innovative agricultural technologies, the improvement of grain storage and transportation infrastructure, and the implementation of effective mechanisms for government regulation and risk insurance. These measures will help ensure stability in the grain market, satisfy domestic demand, and maintain the country’s export potential.
Meat production and traditional meat products in Kazakhstan: intensification and digitalization of technologies
The transformation of the meat sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the production of traditional meat products require the introduction of innovative technologies, the digitalization of production processes, and the modernization of meat processing enterprises. The objective – is to analyze the current state of the republic’s meat industry, assess the level of automation and digital solutions adoption, and substantiate directions for improving the efficiency of meat and domestic meat product production. Methods – statistical, comparative, and economic analyses were employed to evaluate production performance and cost structures. Based on the statistical processing of data, key trends were identified, including growth in the horse population, an increase in the share of meat processed into traditional delicacies, and a significant shift in the foreign trade balance in favor of both exports and imports. Correlation analysis was applied to determine the relationship between the level of enterprise digitalization and indicators of productivity, production costs, and profitability. The assessment revealed a steady increase in the output of meat products; however, a high proportion of small-scale farms and an insufficient level of deep raw material processing persist. Results – the implementation of digital technologies, automated feeding systems, livestock monitoring, RFID tagging, and digital food traceability enables productivity optimization by 15–25%, reduces losses, and improves product quality. It was established that the principal challenges facing the meat industry include worn-out equipment, insufficient investment, weak digital infrastructure in rural areas, and a low degree of integration between primary producers and processing enterprises. Conclusions – the authors recommend expanding digital production management platforms, modernizing meat processing enterprises, strengthening cooperation, and stimulating investment in innovative technologies. The implementation of these measures will create opportunities to enhance the competitiveness of domestic meat products, promote import substitution, and increase the country’s export potential. Overall, the meat industry demonstrates stable positions in both domestic and international markets, creating favorable prospects for its further development.
Technological innovations in the dairy industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on digital systems: current state and prospects
The development of a competitive dairy industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan is impossible without the introduction of technological innovations and digital solutions that enhance the efficiency of milk production and processing. The objective – is to examine the current state of the dairy sector, assess the level of digital technology adoption, identify the key challenges, and develop directions for the sustainable operation of dairy farms. Methods – statistical, comparative, and economic analyses were employed, enabling a comprehensive study of the activities of enterprises within the dairy sector. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the degree of digitalization of business entities and production indicators (production costs and profitability), making it possible to substantiate the economic effectiveness of digital investments. The cost structure was examined to monitor the impact of technological factors on the production cost of milk and dairy products and to identify reserves for improving the profitability of dairy processing plants. Results – the study demonstrated a steady increase in production volumes; however, the high share of small-scale agricultural enterprises continues to limit the large-scale adoption of digital technologies and the broader coverage of digital systems, despite the availability of government information services and certain elements of automation. It was established that digital tools contribute to a 20–30% increase in productivity, reduce production losses, and improve profitability. Conclusions – the authors recommend the adoption of digital platforms for production management and milk traceability, the modernization of dairy farms and dairy processing enterprises, the expansion of cooperative activities, and the stimulation of investment in digital transformation. The implementation of these measures will improve productivity, reduce production costs, create conditions for import substitution of dairy products, and strengthen export competetiveness, thereby contributing to the maintenance of the republic’s food security. The development of innovative dairy food products will enhance the country's international standing and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with the global economic community.
Competitiveness of livestock farming: an ESG assessment in the context of the digital economy
The objective – is to evaluate the efficiency of the livestock sector and identify directions for strengthening its competitiveness by taking into account ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors within the context of the digital economy, which is particularly relevant in light of global challenges and the transformation of the business environment. Methods – comparative analysis, financial and economic analysis, and a systematic examination of ESG criteria were employed to identify differences and common trends and to verify the reliability of accounting information. Results – the study demonstrates the impact of digital technologies, including digital control systems, on the operation of livestock enterprises, enabling greater accuracy in managerial decision-making. The principal socioeconomic and environmental priorities for optimizing the livestock sector were identified. The interrelationship between accounting tools, auditing, business investment, and ESG assessment was substantiated, strengthening the conceptual foundation of management. It was demonstrated that the implementation of digital innovations enhances transparency, reduces risks, and improves the quality of organizational decision-making. Conclusions indicate the necessity of the systematic application of ESG indicators, the improvement of environmental reporting, the digitalization of expert assessment, and the use of integrated accounting and analytical models. The practical implementation of the proposed approaches will strengthen the investment attractiveness of the livestock sub-sector, contribute to capacity enhancement and stakeholder engagement, while standardized ESG parameters and the promotion of innovation activity will support the formation of sustainable supply chains and ensure dynamic economic growth in both the regions and the production sector. The implementation of ESG standards plays an important role in the development of the industry, contributes to improving the financial performance of agricultural enterprises, creates favorable conditions for attracting investors and maintaining a strong reputation in domestic and international markets, and promotes the preservation of biological and natural diversity.
Institutional and behavioral factors strengthening Kazakhstan’s organic livestock sector
The organic agricultural system in Kazakhstan has been strengthening its position since the early 2000s and is regarded as a promising direction for the sustainable transformation of the agrarian sector. The objective – is to identify the factors determining the readiness and practical engagement of beef cattle farmers in transitioning to organic production. Methods – the study of works by domestic and foreign scholars, the use of data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and reports of the Department of Agriculture of the West Kazakhstan Region were employed to identify trends in the development of environmentally sustainable livestock farming. The methodological framework was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and econometric modeling, including structural equation modeling, which were applied to validate the TPB model, assess the direct and indirect effects of behavioral strategies focused on the organic livestock sector, and analyze the adoption of organic farming practices. Results – the study demonstrated that motivational attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive influence on farmers’ intention to engage in organic agricultural production. Recommendations were developed to reduce certification barriers, optimize advisory services, provide financial support during the transition period, and stimulate demand for organic products. Conclusions – encouraging agricultural producers to manufacture organically certified food products is the dominant factor that drives actual behavioral change during the transition process and has a stronger influence than preparedness alone. Farm size (livestock numbers and land area) is positively correlated with the likelihood of conversion to organic production. Effective and targeted government measures, including certification subsidies, advisory services, and the expansion of the domestic market, are of decisive importance for unlocking the considerable potential of the republic’s organic livestock sector. In the future, consumer demand for natural livestock products is expected to increase.
Modeling the cadastral valuation of agricultural land: modern requirements for informatization
The rapid development of digital technologies has created new opportunities in the field of land cadastre. In particular, geographic information systems (GIS), satellite monitoring, and remote sensing methods facilitate the rapid and accurate acquisition of information on land resources. The objective – is to develop an automated geoinformation framework for the cadastral valuation of land plots that enables the transition from traditional manual calculation methods to spatially oriented modeling based on multi-criteria analysis. Methods – geoinformation techniques based on weighted overlay analysis, multi-criteria assessment, cadastral data collection, matrix comparison, and integration approaches were employed. The proposed methodology makes it possible to transform static cadastral records into a dynamic spatial framework that is responsive to changes in landscape and infrastructure. The use of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as an active component of the calculation process provides the study with significant scientific value for the international research community. The overall concept is based on integrating heterogeneous spatial data into a unified GIS analytical environment through the application of alternative selection, comparative evaluation, and weighting coefficients determined using a mathematical decision-making tool. Results – the procedures for determining the value of agricultural land integrate natural, infrastructural, and economic criteria through GIS technologies. This approach takes into account the geometric characteristics of the region, provides a basis for evaluating economic efficiency, and enables the development of scientifically substantiated recommendations. Conclusions – the integration of natural, infrastructural, and economic factors based on cadastral characteristics makes it possible to consider soil quality, climatic conditions, land configuration, size and shape, environmental characteristics, and the monetary value of land resources, thereby ensuring the accurate calculation of taxes and lease payments, supporting land fund management, and addressing socio-economic issues. The cadastral value of land holdings occupies a significant place in the revenue structure of local budgets.
Land resource assets of rural areas in territorial planning schemes
The objective – is to examine the main components of land resource potential applied in scientific practice, analyze correlation coefficients, and develop proposals for assessing the effectiveness of agricultural land management. Methods – correlation analysis was employed to compare territories according to the degree of influence of various factors and to identify regional characteristics of land fund formation. Based on an examination of the operating environment of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the economic efficiency of regions in utilizing available land, labor, financial, and natural resources was determined. The research was carried out using the MaxDEA LIFE (v122) software. Results – the application of this approach will facilitate the identification of inefficiencies and support the improvement of the composition of land reserves. It was established that a number of rural districts use agricultural land efficiently, while for other regions the need to enhance the practical value of land use and adopt rational land management models was identified. This will improve the quality of agricultural land management mechanisms and strengthen the role of performance indicators in ensuring the balanced transformation of rural areas. Conclusions – it was demonstrated that optimizing the regulation of the land resource base has a direct impact on overall rural development, infrastructure formation, employment, and improvements in living standards. These objectives can be achieved by addressing labor shortages and increasing investment and innovation activity in agricultural production. Effective cooperation among government institutions, agricultural producers, and agribusiness is required. This will contribute to increased agricultural output, improved financial stability of agricultural producers, strengthened regional economies, and enhanced food security of the republic. In the future, expanding the application of machine-based analytical methods and agricultural land forecasting will make it possible to refine territorial planning schemes and rural development strategies. The findings may also be applied in future scientific research and educational activities.
Inclusive development of rural Kazakhstan: socio-economic vectors
The socio-economic aspects of the inclusive development of rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan are examined, aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all categories of the rural population, including socially vulnerable groups, while reducing inequality and strengthening socio-cultural equity. The objective – is to analyze the social challenges of the republic’s rural areas in the context of inclusive transformation and to identify the priorities for the sustainable modernization of rural regions. Methods – comparative and systems analysis, a review of scientific literature, and statistical data processing were employed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic conditions of rural Kazakhstan. Within this framework, indicators of rural employment, income levels, accessibility of social infrastructure, education and healthcare, as well as existing state support mechanisms, were examined. Results – the principal factors constraining inclusive development were identified, including the insufficient level of social and engineering infrastructure, limited access to high-quality socially oriented services, and persistent disparities in the standard of living of rural residents. Particular attention was devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of current government programs aimed at strengthening rural regions. Based on the findings, recommendations were developed for improving public policy, focusing on the development of human capital, increasing access to social and economic opportunities, and supporting the labor force and entrepreneurship in rural areas. Conclusions – the implementation of effective measures will expand the scale of socio-economic inclusiveness in rural areas, improve the living conditions of the rural population, and create opportunities for balanced regional development. Inclusive development is presented as a mechanism performing an integrative function by ensuring the interconnection between economic efficiency, social equality, and territorial balance. The high significance of this issue for the country as a whole necessitates further scientific research and the development of practical recommendations.
Workforce development for the AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan: new trends under digital adaptation
The relevance of this study is due to the need for the digital transformation of Kazakhstan’s AIC, which represents a strategic priority for ensuring food security and diversifying the national economy. A key success factor is the high-quality training of specialists possessing new competencies in innovative technologies, automation, and big data analytics. The objective – is to identify current trends in the development of the republic’s agrarian sector in the context of digitalization and to develop scientific and practical recommendations for improving workforce policy. Methods – a systematic bibliographic review of the scientific literature was conducted to generalize theoretical approaches and identify prevailing trends. Data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan were analyzed to assess employment dynamics and structural changes within the sector. Expert foresight forecasting (in-depth interviews) was carried out to identify promising future professions. Quantitative surveys of representatives from business, educational institutions, and the general public made it possible to identify current labor market needs and assess its readiness for transformation. Results – the study substantiated critical structural problems, including a shortage of qualified specialists, low wage levels, and the outflow of young people into extractive industries. The authors proposed new occupational categories expected to emerge within the next three to five years and identified professional fields that are likely to disappear. Conclusions – the study identified the key factors influencing the modernization of the labor sector within the agroindustrial complex and presented a business competency matrix for the workforce of the future, along with an integrated approach to workforce renewal that includes the modernization of educational curricula, the introduction of dual education, and strengthened cooperation among the government, academia, and the private sector. To remain in demand and competitive in the labor market, it is essential to develop business skills, improve communication abilities, strengthen teamwork capabilities, and foster creative thinking.
Crop production in Kazakhstan: performance and diversification instruments
Under the conditions of the need to diversify Kazakhstan’s economy and ensure its sustainable development, the importance of the crop production sector is increasing as one of the key drivers of structural transformation. The objective – is to determine the logic for improving the crop production sector through enhanced efficiency, stability, and innovation processes. The object of the study is the set of regional agricultural systems that differ in terms of their resource base. Methods – comparative regional analysis, calculation of average annual growth rates, interpretation of physical volume indices, and structural comparison of performance indicators reflecting changes in productivity were employed to identify spatial differences among regions, assess the dynamics of key parameters, determine the actual increase in production intensity while excluding price effects, and evaluate productivity levels. The application of these methods makes it possible to identify regional differences resulting from the expansion of the resource base as well as the acceleration of technological transformation. Results reveal heterogeneity that extends beyond territorial differences and takes the form of structural differentiation. Two development models are identified, differing in terms of production growth and performance efficiency. Some regions demonstrate balanced development trajectories based on technological modernization and increased production intensity, whereas others expand production volumes without transforming their production base. This creates an asymmetry in which quantitative growth generates only a short-term effect that does not evolve into balanced development. It is substantiated that the nature of development is determined by the degree of technological adoption and organizational modernization. Conclusions indicate the expediency of shifting to an innovation-oriented model focused on the modernization of the agrarian sector. Strengthening the role of digital technologies, diversification, and institutional support creates the prerequisites for efficient and high-quality development. Urgent attention is also required to address environmental degradation, which leads to the deterioration of land resources, as well as to reduce losses occurring during the production, storage, and marketing stages of crop products.
Dairy cattle farming in the Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: accounting and analytical criteria
The objective – is to substantiate a strategic accounting and analytical model for the sustainable development of dairy cattle farming based on the management of cattle productivity. Methods – an economic and statistical analysis was conducted to assess the dynamics of sectoral indicators (livestock numbers, gross milk production, and production costs) for 2024–2025; factor and structural analyses were employed to identify the impact of productive performance on cost levels and to detect structural imbalances; economic and empirical modeling was applied to formalize the relationship between «costs – performance – maintenance costs»; and an analytical survey of agricultural enterprises, based on a stratified sample of 74 farms, was conducted to examine the extent of digitalization and the application of management accounting practices. In addition, methods of comparison, grouping, and data generalization were used to compare business entities according to herd size, identify differences in the degree of digital technology adoption and livestock productivity, and systematize the factors affecting production efficiency. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integration of biological and economic parameters within the accounting system, where economic return is regarded as the key criterion for cost assessment. Results – the study demonstrates that a 28.6% decline in milk yield was accompanied by a 92% increase in cost indicators, while total expenditures increased by only 11.7%, confirming the biological and economic nature of the crisis phenomena. Conclusions – the gap between cost control and production performance demonstrates the necessity of implementing an integrated model and a digital accounting and analytical system. Achieving these objectives requires the wider adoption of digital tools, the improvement of expenditure tracking and analytical systems, the optimization of resource utilization, and the alignment of management decisions with productivity indicators under changing external conditions. The integration of information on feeding rations, livestock health status, and environmental parameters simplifies herd management and streamlines accounting procedures.
The role of youth and women in implementing the inclusive concept of agrarian sector reform in Kazakhstan
Under the conditions of transformation of Kazakhstan’s agrarian sector, the development of inclusive agriculture, ensuring equal access for rural residents to resources, technologies, and markets, has become a priority. Rising production costs, shortages of financial instruments, and territorial imbalances are forcing small and medium-sized farms out of value chains, thereby weakening the sector’s sustainability. An inclusive approach aimed at increasing the participation of young people and women is capable of revitalizing the rural economy, ensuring food security, and promoting the rational use of natural resources. The objective is to assess the role of youth and rural women in the development of the republic’s agrarian sector and to develop measures for establishing an inclusive development model. Methods – an analysis of the functioning of the AIC for the period 2010–2025, monitoring of the participation of young specialists and women, assessment of access to financial resources, as well as an econometric study covering 2010–2022 using statistical and regression methods to identify the socio-economic factors influencing agricultural production. Results – the study demonstrates that the agricultural market faces a number of systemic challenges, particularly affecting small-scale producers, including women and young people. The principal barriers remain limited access to financial resources, infrastructural and logistical disparities, and the low level of innovation adoption and cooperative development. Additional constraints are associated with institutional mechanisms, including difficulties in accessing government support and insufficient integration into production and marketing networks. Conclusions – the necessity of increasing the participation of youth and women is substantiated, provided that effective government regulation is implemented, including subsidies, preferential lending, professional training, and the use of digital platforms. Without their contribution, the agrarian sector risks stagnation, which would lead to rural depopulation and increased dependence on food imports.