Peer-reviewed journal "Problems of AgriMarket"
Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села
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Sheep farming in Kazakhstan: formation of meat resources
The purpose is to study the state and promising directions of development of meat sheep farming in the Republic of Kazakhstan, to identify the reasons that reduce its effectiveness. Methods - an integrated approach to the analysis of current conditions and forecast changes in the industry; statistical and economic When considering the dynamics, trends and structure of the production cycle of sheep breeding in the meat direction based on statistical data; expert-to assess the influence of external factors on the intensification of sheep production; graphic-made it possible to structure information for Visual Display. Results - an assessment of the current state of commercial sheep breeding of meat specialization in the world market in comparison with other countries and the main indicators of the meat processing complex in recent years has been made. The authors note promising growth guidelines and at the same time point out the main problems, institutional economic barriers: a shortage of local raw materials and its high cost, a significant share of imported products. The small marketability of farms reduces the efficiency of the meat segment. Conclusions - it is necessary to strengthen state support for sheep breeding in the form of meat, spread the cooperative movement and the process of integration between agricultural producers and processors of raw materials. Such measures will create stable production relations, increase the volume of food products produced and strengthen the position in the sales market. Among the priority steps are the reduction of operating costs, the intensification of scientific research, the modernization of breeds, the improvement of breeding work and breeding work with the sheep gene pool in sheep farms, the expansion of innovative experience, the formation of clusters and hightech infrastructure. The role of sheep farming - in raising the well-being of the rural population and providing the population of the Republic as a whole with food products is undoubtedly huge and has all the prerequisites for successful progress as a strategic vector of development.
Innovative transformation of crop production of the Republic of Kazakhstan: priorities and prospects
Modern challenges associated with climate change, soil degradation and the growth of global food demand exacerbate the need for accelerated innovative transformation of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. In recent years, the warming process on the territory of the Republic is proceeding at a faster pace than in other states: an increase of 0.32°C in ten years, against 0.18°C worldwide in the same period. According to the forecasts of climatologists, by the middle of the 21st century, precipitation growth in the country will be on average from 7 to 8%. An increase in air temperature, a decrease in the atmospheric balance of water negatively affect the intensity of agriculture, especially for agricultural regions, including grain-growing areas of Northern Kazakhstan. Therefore, the issue of adapting the agricultural sector to climatic changes requires a systematic analysis and development of measures to reduce negative consequences. The goal is to generalize theoretical and methodological aspects in the context of innovative activity, set priorities, assess resource potential and prepare practical recommendations for the introduction of innovations capable of ensuring optimal productivity, which will increase the competitive advantages of crop production in the context of global climate change. Methods - synthesis, generalization and comparison, index of innovative development to establish the level of stability of the regional economy. When determining the indicator of Crop Diversification, The Simpson methodology was used, as well as the results of scientific research on the implementation of high-tech solutions. The results obtained show that the implementation of innovative technologies in the field of crop production contributes to an increase in productivity and the agro-industrial complex, thereby allowing the most efficient use of resources with natural resources, in particular land, water. Conclusions were drawn about the need for systematic support for "smart" technical solutions in the agricultural production of Kazakhstan, in particular the North Kazakhstan region.
Traditional methods and IT solutions in the field of crop production: comparative assessment
The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of traditional methods and modern solutions in crop production through the prism of cost, productivity, efficiency and ecology. The goal is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of basic principles and quantitative tools in the field of crop production, to determine their role in increasing the intensity and production return of field agricultural technologies. Methods - assessment of the effectiveness of classical and innovative approaches to agronomic activity, comparison of scientific literature, system-structural, content-analysis to justify the need for integration of information technologies, taking into account the specifics of the agricultural sector. Results - the preservation of the demand for generally accepted strategies in agriculture in the context of regulated access to infrastructure based on analytical work and productivity calculations, optimization of resource use, reduction of the environmental burden is shown. It was found that their potential is limited by low labor intensity and high labor intensity, and the latest automated systems provide long-term reduction in costs, increasing fertility, crop yields, but require significant investments and training of highly qualified personnel. The introduction of digital services in the Republic is at an early stage, which justifies the need to create an integrated model that combines elements of existing practices with digital platforms, provided that technological innovations are adapted to local conditions. Conclusions - within the framework of the interrelated concepts of Real Farming and "smart" agriculture, attention should be paid to the integrated use of various methods, which will lead to constant monitoring of crops, timely introduction of medicines and fertilizers, diagnosis of diseases, planting seeds, a stable increase in the production of crop production. It is important to provide state support for subsidies and benefits to farmers, as well as expand programs for their training and acquisition of new skills.
Participatory budgeting in rural areas of Kazakhstan: opportunities, limitations and directions of development
In recent years, partisan budgeting has been considered as an effective tool for strengthening civic participation, transparency of the budget process, and improving the effectiveness of local self-government. This approach is especially relevant for rural areas, where limited resources are combined with a high need for the population to influence the allocation of the state budget. The goal is to identify opportunities, regulation and prospects for the use of mechanisms for initiative planning of budget operations in rural areas of Kazakhstan, as well as to substantiate recommendations for their institutionalization and adaptation taking into account the specifics of the rural environment. Methods - a comprehensive methodological approach, content analysis of regulatory documents (including the Budget code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, resolutions), comparative assessment of regional data on projects "public participation budget" for 2023-2024, repeated analysis of the reporting of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as a case method of successful practices were used. In the materials of Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Ecuador and Bangladesh, international examples of the implementation of the mechanism for attracting budget funds in rural areas were studied. Results - the results of the study show that the participation of rural residents in the management of public finances in rural settlements is limited by a number of factors: institutional weakness, constraint on the financial base, quantitative inequality, as well as a low level of legal and project literacy in the local area. In addition, in the presence of minimal conditions, the constant interest of the population in the means of participation and the growth potential of activity is noted. Conclusions - based on generalized experience, the authors proposed an adapted model of rural participatory budgeting, including simplified procedures, a digital platform, employee training and incentive co-financing. Structuring and modernizing such a paradigm will be the basis for sustainable development of rural areas and improving the effectiveness of differentiation of public assets.
Agritourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Turkey: potential reserves
The purpose - a comprehensive study of rural tourism in Kazakhstan and Turkey was carried out, with an emphasis on identifying points and differences of institutional convergence, identifying mechanisms for improving efficiency. Methods - comparative and correlation analysis of official statistical data of recent years to study the dynamics of the development of the tourism sector of the two countries. National strategies, programs and regulatory acts of these states are analyzed to compare the means of state support, systems of regulation and implementation of innovations. The quality component was provided through interviews with industry experts (10 from each country), which made it possible to obtain expert assessments on digitalization, integration of ethno-cultural and environmental values, as well as identify the main drivers and barriers to expanding the scale of the tourism industry. Results - features of the current state, growth rates and structure of tourism in rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Turkey are shown. It was found that Turkey is distinguished by a developed system of state support, a high level of digitalization of services and widespread diversification of tourist products, including state-supported niche destinations (apitourism, gastrotourism). In Kazakhstan, there is a fragmentation of policies and limited introduction of digital platforms, but there are positive changes in the distribution of ethno-cultural and environmental forms of Tourism. The patterns of integration of local traditions into tourism activities are presented and the main factors of sustainability of the tourism industry are indicated. Conclusions - it is proved that the process of implementing the strategic goals and objectives of agritourism is possible through effective state support, active digital transformation, integration of local preferences and innovative proposals. Recommendations were developed to improve national strategies, taking into account modern international trends and best practices, promising innovations in rural entrepreneurship.
Agricultural sector diversification: research based on the Herfindal index
Currently, such factors as the high dependence of the economy on the oil sector, instability of world prices for raw materials, insufficient level of technological development of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, as well as a low degree of diversification of agricultural production have a negative impact on the sustainable economic modernization of Kazakhstan. The goal is to analyze the role of agriculture in the process of multidisciplinary transformation of the economic model of the republic and determine its contribution to reducing the direction of raw materials. The agricultural sector, which has significant potential for ensuring financial balance, the growth of regional initiatives and strengthening the country's food security, was chosen as the object of scientific research. Methods - linear regression was used to assess the impact of the specific weight of the agricultural sector on the formation of an effective resource system, as well as the Herfindal index in order to quantify the level of market concentration of economic processes. The analysis is based on official statistical data characterizing the dynamics of the main economic and economic indicators for 2010-2022. The results of the obtained data showed that an increase in the share of the rural segment in the macroeconomics of the state has a statistically significant negative impact on the market structure, contributing to its reduction and more productive production activities. To strengthen the position of the agro-industrial complex, comprehensive support is needed: effective state mechanisms, the introduction of innovative technologies, the popularization of agritourism and cooperative movement, the modernization of infrastructure, the organization of new branches of crop production and animal husbandry, the inclusion of productive types, varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops in crop rotation, the expansion of the scale of the processing industry, material and technical equipment and product sales systems. The results obtained made it possible to draw the following key conclusions - diversification of production is a promising direction for increasing the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, which ensures an increase in product selection, profit and profit from sales.
Climate change and agriculture: ways to adapt
The goal is a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the topic of adaptation of Agriculture to climate change using the Web of Science database and the Vos Viewer information visualization tool. Methods - based on the bibliometry of publication activity on climate - oriented restructuring of the agricultural sector. This approach allows you to identify the main areas of research, identify the most active countries, authors, and also identify emerging trends in science. The international abstract digital asset Web of Science Core Collection was involved as the main source of data. After conducting a search query and applying the appropriate filters, the relevant published materials were exported from the web of Science structured array and entered into postprocessing mode through the Vos Viewer provisioning program. Results - bibliometric maps of the scientifically based landscape were built using vos viewer. The most intensive developments are observed in the areas of climate smart agro-industrial production, economic assessment of adaptation strategies, digital technologies and financial mechanisms for supporting farmers. It was found that economic barriers - limited access to funding, lack of a risk compensation system, and institutional instability significantly reduce the potential for transformation. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the current state and directions of research work in this area. The study of modern academic literature shows a growing interest in the problems of adaptation measures in the agricultural sphere in response to climate change. At the same time, there is a shift in the focus of research from reactive measures to proactive models based on the integration of biophysical, economic and institutional approaches.
Scientific approaches to determining transaction costs in the grain subsystem
The goal is to develop scientific approaches to assessing transaction costs in the grain sub-complex. Methods - monographic-when analyzing the theoretical aspects of identifying additional sources of costs, economic-statistical-to identify patterns of changes in the level of costs when carrying out transactions along the entire sales chain, abstract-logical – monitoring of operating costs and establishing criteria for the effectiveness of their management, expert – for collecting and evaluating data on costs and problem-oriented analysis of existing interactions in grain subcomplex between entities; conjunctural – for studying the development trend of grain subcomplex and account of external factors that determine the level of transaction costs, for a comprehensive assessment – when considering the indicators of the cost component of the market infrastructure in the interests of achieving measurement accuracy. Results - in the context of digital transformation, the scientific principles of institutional costs in the grain sector are justified. Conclusions - the main problems of grain farming, contributing to the growth of the component of the transactional output, were indicated, their classification was proposed for the possibility of formulating the specifics of the grain direction of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The structure is dominated by costs in the form of lost income, the financial condition of commodity producers depends on the supply, price, transaction costs, it is necessary to ensure their optimization. The scientific methodology can be used in the educational process, in the training of students, undergraduates and postgraduates. The practical significance of the study is to ensure the economic efficiency of production and commercial activities of economic entities of the grain sub-complex, planning, accounting, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of products in the domestic and foreign markets and strengthening the image of the region. The adoption of effective measures is relevant during the expansion of trade borders with foreign countries, globalization of the economy.
Grain storage system in Kazakhstan: modern trends
A special role in increasing grain production, expanding the export supply of grain, and improving the quality of grain products is played by the storage system. The purpose of the meeting was to consider state measures that will significantly increase the capacity of warehouses and elevators, modernize the capacity for processing and storing grain crops, improve the system of inspection of their nutritional value, deepen the specialization of grain elevators and improve communication between different links of the elevator system. Methods - for the study of the volume of savings of raw materials carried out in different periods by statistical and economic zones, when reviewing theoretical and methodological materials on monographic - innovative technologies, logical generalization-for the analysis of the methodology in this direction. Results - the authors note that the most important tasks of accumulation, placement, processing and reserve of grain resources, their use are assigned to grain receiving enterprises. The importance of interventional procurement of grain crops as an effective tool for state regulation of the agricultural market is justified. Within the framework of state support, special attention is paid to small and medium-sized farms that are most vulnerable to market fluctuations. For them, such measures become not only a way to sell products guaranteed at fair prices, but also an important element of financial stability. One of the main forms-forward contracts for grain crops - is a mechanism in which the State enters into preliminary contracts for the supply of future crops, which allows rural producers to plan their activities, cover current costs in a timely manner, and reduce risks. For state structures - this is an opportunity to stabilize the market, the formation of strategic food stocks. Conclusions - for the continuous process of cultivation, processing, transportation and sale of commercial grain material, it is necessary to avoid violations that can lead to its destruction, and therefore to financial losses. Large granaries have received a significant amount of capital investments and provide the maximum number of agricultural enterprises in the regions. Compliance with the rules and technologies of warehousing, as well as the presence of specialized elevator facilities are the basis for effective grain storage.
Farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan: situational analysis, efficiency improvement
In the country's agro-industrial policy, much attention is paid to the development of farming and other types of agribusiness. Despite the growth of gross product production, the farming sector faces a number of systemic restrictions: weak resource base, insufficient sales infrastructure, low level of cooperation, insufficient access to information sources. The goal is to develop a holistic, structured model of stable dynamics of farms based on situational analysis and assessment of their internal reserves. Methods - when considering the current situation, comparing statistical data and identifying trends, logical-building relationships, systematizing sections, arguments. Data on the volume, efficiency, cost and sales structure of manufactured products were analyzed in 2020-2024. Results - the main obstacles to the promotion of farm entrepreneurship are outlined. A mechanism is proposed that includes four main areas: access to resources, active use of human capital, institutionalization of cooperation, ensuring access to the market and participation in market competition. Practical implementation mechanisms were proposed for each direction. The introduction of the proposed scheme of initiatives will increase the potential for a balanced progressive movement, expansion of sales channels for farmers and strengthening the role of small forms of agribusiness in providing food and employment to rural residents in the regions. Conclusions - effective implementation requires coordination of State Measures, development institutions and the producers themselves. Overcoming obstacles and a systematic approach will create the basis for turning the farming segment into a solid element, a reliable support for the agricultural economy of Kazakhstan. In the long term, this model can serve as a core for the formation of regional strategies and rural development programs, taking into account local characteristics and internal reserves.
Integration of full-cycle dairy farms into the regional economy: investment aspects
The integration of full-cycle dairy farms into the regional economy is considered as a factor in the growth of sustainability and diversification of agricultural production. The goal is to substantiate the prospects for the development of dairy farming and determine the directions of investment in the context of economic interaction. Methods - content analysis of statistical sources on the main aspects of the activities of the dairy sub-complex, monitoring of milk volumes of cattle and indicators of its productivity. The data is processed on the basis of official statistics, taking into account the correction to the estimated divergence of existing criteria (10-15%). Results - the main factors and trends in the creation of a complete dairy product chain in the regions were analyzed. It was found that about 90% of them are produced on small farms and only 30% of the volume of industrial processing. The problems of the low level of technical equipment of agroferms and processing enterprises, seasonal fluctuations in the supply of raw materials, as well as the need for digitalization of production processes and advanced training of personnel are highlighted. Recommendations have been developed to stimulate investment in the modernization of the infrastructure of business entities, integrate small forms of agribusiness and increase capacities, as well as strengthen the position of the domestic dairy segment in the domestic market. Conclusions - the authors emphasize the importance of state support for the dairy sector on the basis of the principles of the circular economy and the implementation of financial measures for the technical modernization of farms, the expansion of the quality certification system and the activation of the national consumption sector, which will ensure food security, employment in rural areas and improve environmental indicators, taking into account that more than 40% of the rural population of the country is associated with.
Use of locust flour as an alternative source of protein in the feed industry
In the context of the mass invasion of locusts, which causes significant damage to agriculture in Kazakhstan, its capture and processing of protein flour becomes especially relevant as an effective method of pest control and obtaining an additional protein resource. The product based on this insect is an innovative solution capable of compensating for the deficit in the country's feed production. The goal is to study the economic benefits and possibilities of using locust flour in the feed industry. Methods - to identify trends, problems in the use of protein flour from akpids, as well as to confirm the relevance of the topic content – analysis, analytical - when conducting a comparative analysis of resource costs for obtaining a protein component from various sources, monographic – to generalize the theoretical foundations and environmental aspects of the use of dry biomass in feed production, abstract-logistic - when considering problematic questions on the topic under study and justify ways to solve them. Results - it has been shown that the production of the grasshopper protein ingredient is economically beneficial. Foreign experience shows that in addition to its natural production, insectorfermanism is widely developed, which contributes to the expansion of the technological process. Conclusions - investment in terms of rational use of resources, environmental control and maintenance of economic efficiency collection and industrial processing of this representative of the Insecta class instead of chemical destruction, which reduces damage to ecosystems and ensures the release of valuable feed products rich in proteins and vitamins. For the effective use of these pests for forage purposes, it is necessary to adapt foreign technologies and methods for the purpose of training, scientific support, certification of farmers, rapid introduction into the agricultural sector.
Analysis of the infrastructure and material base of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan of the northern regions of Kazakhstan
. The goal is to analyze the state of the resource potential of the agro-industrial complex of the northern regions of Kazakhstan and identify the main directions of its effective use. Methods - statistical processing of information, allowing to justify the effectiveness of the use of resources, SWOT-analysis focuses on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats that currently belong to the most pressing problems of the general economic space and affect the intensity of the agricultural sector of the northern regions, comparative analysis focuses on the dynamics of key indicators that require constant monitoring. expanding the possibilities of rural areas. Results a comprehensive assessment of economic and legal aspects made it possible to identify the main trends in optimizing the rational use of land, labor and material and technical means. The paper proposed quantitative and qualitative criteria characterizing the technical equipment of economic entities of rural territories, carried out a comparative analysis of productivity dynamics and production volumes for three regions – Akmola, North Kazakhstan and Kostanay, increasing productivity to 15-16 c/ha without significant expansion of acreage, in 2024-2025 an increase in investment and subsidies was shown. 8-10%. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing the proposed methodological tools for the development of state programs for the development of rural areas. A SWOT Matrix has been created that determines the growth points and active progress vectors. Conclusions - the authors emphasize the need for a systematic approach to the integration of economic and legal management tools in order to achieve high profitability and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the northern regions of Kazakhstan in the long term, with conditions for environmentally balanced modernization of infrastructure, improvement of the quality of seed material and the introduction of modern agricultural technologies. It is necessary to revise legal procedures that ensure an efficiency of more than 23% and strengthen the transparency of subsidy mechanisms and strengthen competitive positions in the domestic market.
The role of the grain market in ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is one of the world's leading wheat exporters and performs a strategic function in ensuring global food security. The country's grain sector shows stable growth, self-sufficiency, an increase in export revenues and employment in rural areas. However, factors such as climate risks, high regional concentration of production, infrastructure constraints and institutional barriers have a significant impact on the sustainability of this agricultural segment. The goal is to assess the contribution of the grain industry to the domestic economy, determine its effective functioning and competitiveness on the basis of statistical indicators and an integral index. Methods - econometric, study of the dynamics of production processes by time series using official data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2024, normalization of indicators when comparing them, calculation of the integral index taking into account the position of an integrated approach, comparison and generalization for studying price trends and regional infrastructure. The methodology relies on the scientific approaches of the FAO. Results - positive growth rates of output, productivity and exports are shown. The grain self-sufficiency coefficient was 1.26, the share of exported goods – 31.2%, the Consumer Price Index - 9.92%, and the integral Balance Index - 0.87. Conclusions - a stable grain complex, but vulnerable to natural-climatic and territorial challenges. Measures are needed to diversify the territory, improve infrastructure, manage instability factors and adapt to climate change. Particular attention should be paid to the introduction of innovative technologies in grain farms in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, as well as control over the supply of agricultural producers with fertilizers, plant protection products and new equipment. The results obtained can be used in long-term systemic planning to improve agrifood policy. This article is of an applied scientific and analytical nature and contributes to a comprehensive discussion of the problems of food self-sufficiency.
Meat industry of Kazakhstan in the context of technological modernization of agro-industrial production
The purpose is to assess the current state and prospects for the development of the meat sub-complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identify the reasons that inhibit capacity building. Methods - when analyzing the dynamics of production processes and the structure of the meat processing industry on the basis of reporting-constructive, statistical – economic - statistical information for calculating the magnitude of the specific gravity and forecast indicators, expert - to assess the influence of external factors on this sector, monographic-when considering features, problems in the meat industry of the Republic. Results - the main indicators of the processing of livestock products in recent years have been evaluated. Positive changes have been observed in the meat segment, however, production efficiency remains at a low level. The main obstacles are the shortage of local livestock raw materials and its high cost, as well as a significant share of imported goods. The small marketability of farms reduces the efficiency of the production of meat products and semi-finished products. The research conducted by the authors made it possible to draw conclusions - it is necessary to strengthen state support for the meat sector, spread the cooperative movement and integrate agricultural producers and processors of raw materials. Such measures will create stable production relations, increase the volume of products produced within the framework of economic activities and expand the market for their sale. Among the main priority steps are the reduction of costs for the implementation of the production cycle, the use of innovative technologies and the formation of profile clusters. The growth of the capacity of the meat industry, the construction and modernization of enterprises will be a powerful incentive to strengthen the economic component of the country, organize new jobs, significantly increase the welfare of the rural population, allow us to take important positions in the system of international trade and ensure the food security of Kazakhstan.
Natural pastures of the Republic of Kazakhstan: monitoring and conservation of productivity
The goal is to identify problems and find ways to solve the rational use of pastures in Kazakhstan. Methods - analytical for studying legislative and regulatory acts on pasture management, monographic - when familiarizing yourself with profile studies and publications on the regulation of pasture resources of the Republic, statistical-on the basis of official information of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic, cartographic and abstract - logical-to summarize the results of the tasks set. Results - the legislative and regulatory support for pasture farming was analyzed, the dynamics of a decrease in the intensity of its development during the period of land reform in the country was shown. Large pasture areas have been found to be degraded, as evidenced by space monitoring data - 87% are not covered with vegetation. Despite the fact that the cadastre is maintained in digital format, land use plans do not indicate the boundaries of lands that are not fixed, which, in turn, complicates their visual location for drawing up pasture turnover schemes and making decisions on the organization of pasture territories. Conclusions - it was found that when there is a sufficient number of pastures in the Ereymentau district, the population feels a shortage of them for grazing. Based on the map of agricultural land, a forecast of the need for pasture land is presented here. Obstacles limiting the further production of forage crops were identified, including the lack of systematic subsidies in accordance with the impact on the environment, secondary heredity on unused plots and the low level of practical knowledge of farmers on the management of forage agricultural land. Recommendations were given to coordinate the loads on feed biocenoses and increase their productivity. Kazakhstan has a huge potential for natural forage landscapes, which are not used enough to create a sustainable forage base and obtain environmentally friendly and cheap livestock products.
Dairy agricultural cooperatives in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan: qualitative indicators and growth patterns
The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to considering the dynamics, trends and prospects of the development of dairy agricultural cooperatives in the Turkestan region, taking into account the totality of economic, social, institutional and organizational and managerial factors. The goal is to analyze the current state of collective forms of dairy farming and identify the reasons that inhibit their spread, as well as develop recommendations aimed at strengthening the positions of cooperatives in the regional economy. Methods - economic analysis in identifying patterns in the activities of economic entities, statistical data processing – to ensure quantitative interpretation of Primary Information, expert assessmentwhen accounting for qualitative criteria. Results - a systematic thematic literature review on cooperation in agriculture was prepared using the international scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the main indicators characterizing the current state and improvement process of Cooperative Associations of dairy farms in the region were presented, SWOT analysis was carried out to justify the weaknesses and strengths of cooperating small farm facilities. Using the method of expert assessment, the authors formulated measures to stimulate, support, strengthen and expand the dairy cooperative sector. The results of this scientific work can be used by government agencies responsible for implementing strategies to support the cooperative movement in the agricultural sector, as well as farmers seeking to improve the effectiveness of their activities on the basis of the cooperative model of entrepreneurship. The conducted research will form a methodological and applied basis for further increasing the potential of dairy agricultural cooperatives in the Turkestan region.
Freelancing as a factor in the transformation of self-employment of rural youth of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The article considers freelancing as an important resource for increasing the economic activity of rural youth, which contributes not only to reducing unemployment, but also to the formation of a new culture of work based on the principles of flexibility, digital mobility and creativity. The goal is to identify the impact of freelance services on the transformation of forms of self-employment among young professionals in the regions of Kazakhstan. Methods - quantitative and graphical analysis when determining the number of potential freelancers among young rural residents who are independently employed by the level of education, methods of involvement in labor activity, as well as indicators of lack of employment in the youth environment in rural areas. Results - theoretical and methodological approaches to the implementation of freelance employment aimed at preserving the Labor potential of young people and improving the efficiency of the sector of individual entrepreneurs were studied. The prerequisites, barriers and prospects for the development of freelance in rural areas were analyzed, as well as its role in reducing the economically inactive population and migration of the youth contingent to cities. The scale of young self-employed employees in the Republic was assessed, new trends in the expansion of the freelance services industry in the context of technological modernization, positioned as a tool for increasing employment and income, were shown. Conclusions - on the basis of dissemination and digitalization, measures were proposed to effectively use the potential reserves of young self-employed individuals in rural areas. The mechanism of their reorientation to the sphere of individual labor practice is substantiated. Promising forms of labor relations have been proposed in the rural labor market that contribute to productive employment of young independent personnel, employment of unemployed rural residents and reduction of the number of low-skilled youth working outside institutional structures, as well as taking into account regional characteristics, the scale of digital transformation, internet access and in-demand freelance skills.
Agricultural marketing: competitive strategies
For the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, the development and transformation of marketing are strategically important tools. This approach contributes to achieving environmental sustainability in the production sphere, strengthening positions in the market. The goal is to provide a management mechanism that allows you to adequately assess and predict the market situation, develop and implement models of marketing processes. Methods as a research methodology, an analytical approach was used, during which a significant amount of information necessary for analyzing and interpreting data, identifying the patterns and understanding of the essence of the object under study was processed, as well as interviews with farmers were used. Results - the study considers variables that have a beneficial effect on the strengthening of marketing activities in enterprises of an agricultural profile. The main aspects confirming the importance and effectiveness of marketing services in the agricultural sector, marketing approaches to adapt business entities to a competitive environment are outlined. The survey of entrepreneurs shows that awareness of digital innovations in agromarketing, environmental certification of products, logistics, fair trade principles, a sufficient level of infrastructure provision in rural areas, and the effectiveness of marketing policies are of great interest. Conclusions - the competitiveness of agri-food systems based on" green " technologies should be ensured by the optimal functioning of all stages of production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products, as well as the participation of interested parties: manufacturers, distributors, consumers. The author notes that on the basis of empirical data, adaptation to an environmentally oriented market strategy for the needs of agribusiness will expand the competitive advantages of agricultural structures and their reputation, will make a significant contribution to the balanced growth of the agricultural sector in eco, sustainable interaction with the market segment, responsible brand promotion.
Digital transformation to spread tourism in rural areas of Kazakhstan
In the context of the digital transformation of the economy, agritourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan is of particular importance as an effective tool for the sustainable development of rural areas, contributing to increasing the level of employment and income of rural residents, preserving cultural and Natural Heritage, promoting entrepreneurial initiative. The article discusses the main advantages and prospects of digitalization of rural tourism, while paying special attention to the impact of the introduction of digital solutions on increasing the availability of agrotourist facilities, expanding tourist routes, increasing employment, strengthening the regional brand and attracting rural residents to agribusiness. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to strengthen the competitiveness of agroecotourism and integrate modern information and communication technologies into the agricultural sector. The goal is to substantiate the role of digital infrastructure in the distribution of services of the agricultural tourism industry in the country, to identify prospects and limitations of digital innovations, to substantiate ways and directions of state support for the use of digital tools in agrotourist activities. Methods - comparative-analytical approach, analysis of regulatory documents and statistical data, as well as modeling and visualization, which made it possible to show the interaction between the state, business and rural population. The results of the study show that digital platforms contribute to infrastructure modernization, encouraging crossindustry cooperation, improving logistics and booking processes, as well as transparency and coordination of actions. Conclusions - the successful implementation of the digital model requires combining the efforts of government agencies, the IT sector, agricultural entrepreneurship and educational institutions. This creates a solid foundation for dynamically increasing the tourist potential, ensuring the quality of life in the countryside, competitiveness and economic efficiency of enterprises of the tourist complex, and promoting the national tourism product in the international market.
Problems of price stabilization in rice farming: regulation of the cost of goods
Flattened rice is included in the list of socially important food products of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and ensuring its price availability for the country's population is an important priority. The goal is to determine the close relationship between the cost and yield of rice cereals as the main criterion for the quality of raw rice, to establish the components necessary for the cultivation of this crop, to assess their impact on the variety of raw materials. Methods - determination of production costs for obtaining unrefined rice for the price of processed rice, regression analysis when determining the relationship between the prices of unprocessed grain and the harvest from 1 hectare based on data over the past 7 years; correlation analysis-determination of the degree of relationship between the cost of output from a hectare and the payment for the main resources used. The results show a regression correlation between the payment level of the mass of ground and raw rice, as well as the rates and productivity of the mass of grain before processing. The feedback between the volume of harvesting and the costs of its cultivation is shown: when reducing or stabilizing the cost of rice Groats, the tendency to increase the cost of fertilizers and herbicides is accompanied by a decrease in the starting material and stagnation of efficiency indicators. Conclusions - the need for state structures to conduct annual price monitoring of products of the rice industry, which makes it possible to predict a deficit or surplus of these goods on the market and establish barriers to their free circulation. State control of trade allowances by traders for domestic and imported assortment, including herbicides, mineral fertilizers, agricultural machinery and other means of production, is proposed. The need to increase the amount of subsidies for fuel and lubricants and other inventory for sowing and harvesting operations was noted.
Oil refining industry of Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: state and key tasks
The current state of the world economy requires ensuring food security, and the oil industry of Kazakhstan plays a huge role in this regard. Kostanay region is not a leader in the production of vegetable oils and products of their processing, but it makes a significant contribution on a national scale. The goal is to show the current situation in the oil refining sub-complex of the region, to develop economic measures to improve its efficiency. Methods - statistical, comparison to identify internal and external constraints, generalization, justification of priority areas of development and development of measures to improve the mechanism for the functioning of this industrial sector. Results - the sunflower oil market is being considered against the background of a global increase in food prices. The volume of production, processing and sales of oilseeds was analyzed, problems of lack of raw materials resources and incomplete loading of processing capacities were identified. Statistical calculations on the volume of revenue and sales of sunflower seed oil for 2020-2024 were presented, trends in intensifying the production process were identified. The selection achievements of the cultivation of oil raw materials were demonstrated, the impact of state policy and World Trade on increasing the capacity of the oil industry was studied and recommendations were given to improve its efficiency. Conclusions - oil agroindustrialization of Kostanay region requires a systematic approach, which includes strengthening the raw material base, technological modernization and expanding production capabilities. High demand and demographic growth exacerbate the need for vegetable oils, giving priority to the tasks of import substitution and expansion to foreign trade. It is necessary to use agricultural land in accordance with scientifically based norms, which will increase the yield of oilseeds and increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products.