Peer-reviewed journal "Problems of AgriMarket"
Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села
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State regulation of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The purpose is to substantiate the role of state regulation in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring the implementation of strategic objectives: economic diversification, achievement of technical and technological sovereignty, food security, and competitiveness of industries in an open market environment. Within the framework of theoretical and practical provisions, the following methods were used: abstract-logical, induction and deduction, comparative analysis of time series, indices, and synthesis. The application of a general scientific approach made it possible to study issues of public policy, identify macroeconomic goals for the modernization of the agrarian sector based on new competencies and innovations. Results – the experience of countries with advanced economic systems of institutional governance in optimizing the agro-industrial complex on an innovative basis is summarized. An assessment is given of the current state of realization of the resource potential of agro-industrial production, the effectiveness of the republic’s accession to the EAEU and the WTO, the growth of the potential for food imports, the structure of gross domestic product and the dynamics of its change. The investment strategy aimed at large-scale renewal of the agrarian sphere is considered, and the role of the transformation of administrative management in achieving it is revealed. Financial and economic mechanisms of state coordination of activities in agriculture, such as investment, subsidization, insurance, and lending, are analyzed. The necessity of expanding the scale of high-tech and export-oriented domestic agricultural machinery manufacturing in Kazakhstan is shown. Conclusions – by studying the main models of state participation, optimal options for promoting entrepreneurial activity in the AIC, stabilizing the monetary and credit mechanism, and maintaining market equilibrium have been identified. It is established that without state intervention in the agrarian sector, parity equilibrium of supply and demand is impossible. It is important for the state to invest in education and research to ensure a high level of knowledge, including the creation of specialized educational programs and the transfer of advanced technologies to farmers.
Adaptation of agriculture to climate change
Climate change is one of the global environmental and socio-economic problems. In recent decades, significant impacts have been exerted by the increase in greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere, global warming, and the growing frequency of natural disasters, which directly affect many sectors, including agriculture, as they pose a threat of reduced productivity and deterioration of land fertility. The purpose is a comprehensive study of the dynamics of carbon emissions and the determination of the impact of hydrometeorological phenomena on the performance and stability of the agrarian sector. Methods — analysis and synthesis, and the economic-statistical method to identify indicators of adaptation of agro-industrial production to various climatic conditions. The empirical basis of the research consists of data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan on annual precipitation for 2019–2023, as well as information on carbon dioxide emissions for 2020–2024. Results indicate the relevance of introducing climate-resilient methods into AIC production processes, effective land resource management practices, and a multi-faceted approach to addressing food security challenges. The conceptual model reflects climate transformation and the effects of social and economic factors on the agrarian sphere and food systems, and demonstrates their interconnection and interdependence. This concept serves as a practical basis for developing strategies to enhance adaptability and optimize the agro-industrial complex. Conclusions – the established facts correspond to the Sustainable Development Goals (poverty eradication, combating adverse climate impacts, and environmental protection) and are aimed at creating reliable prospects for food provision.
Impact of European and Eurasian integration on Kazakhstan’s foreign trade
In the context of globalization, the level of sustainable development of states is closely linked to their active participation in international economic relations, especially within the system of foreign trade. In this context, export-import operations are one of the drivers of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is the need to enhance the competitiveness of Kazakhstani products in world markets and deepen cooperation with European countries. The purpose is to analyze the impact of European integration processes on the republic’s foreign economic relations, identify key directions, and substantiate prospects for effective partnership. Methods — comparative analysis, through which differences in volumes and structural adaptation of marketing and sales at different stages between Kazakhstan and the European Union were identified. Using statistical methods, indicators of interstate trade turnover were analyzed. The methodological basis of the research comprised methods of system diagnostics and dynamic situation testing, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, comparative, and forecasting methods, which made it possible to identify long-term trends in foreign trade contacts and provide a comprehensive assessment of the phenomenon under study. Results — the interaction between the integration policy of the European Union and the trade strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is substantiated; the features of expanding the scale of integration programs of states within the EAEU are shown; the role and significance of the Eurasian Economic Union for further joint actions are revealed; and the directions of the country’s foreign trade course are clarified. Conclusions — partnership with the European Union strengthens the republic’s trade and economic ties, opens access to new markets, promotes the introduction of innovative technologies, and enhances the international alliance in longterm plans for the future as the main vector for forming a new model of global transformation.
Public-private partnership in the agrarian sector as a factor in ensuring food security
The purpose is to determine theoretical and methodological approaches to creating mechanisms of public-private partnership (PPP) in agriculture. Methods — statistical-economic methods to study joint initiatives of the state and agribusiness that enable the public and private sectors, on mutually beneficial terms, to expand the resource base and channel unused funds toward stable development. Logical generalization of state-investment cooperation includes key characteristics: joint activities with differentiated risk allocation, long-term orientation, coordinated project management by society and entrepreneurs, and a focus on improving social infrastructure. Results — state support for the AIC contributes to increasing the competitiveness of agro-industrial production, providing additional resources that generate demand for profitable enterprises and enhance the sector’s attractiveness for credit and investment institutions. The transition to innovative transformation and economic modernization presupposes an active search for instruments to stimulate investment activity of private funds while maintaining an optimal balance between national interests and business structures. Conclusions — considering that the agrarian sector demonstrates optimistic indicators, attention should be focused on the advantages of PPP, which drive increased profitability of agricultural entities, saturation of the domestic market with high-quality and affordable food products, realization of the republic’s export potential, and growth of tax revenues. Improvement of the institutional, legal, and organizational environment of public-private partnership is required, along with professional training of management personnel and the development of PPP start-ups in the agro-industrial complex for offering them to potential domestic and foreign investors. The presence of such an alliance in the agrarian economy represents a new stage of its renewal, signifying the implementation of neo-industrialization and the development of promising technologies and other productions constituting the core of a new technological paradigm.
Mechanism of financial support for the agrarian sector on preferential terms
The purpose is to study the efficiency of using state support funds for agricultural producers from the standpoint of assessing the performance of both financial institutions providing lending and subsidization services and loan recipients agricultural entities as well as to consider new approaches to financing the sector and the effectiveness of proposed preferential credit programs. Methods – a methodology of comparative monitoring of the functioning of agricultural entities and the financial sector based on economic and statistical techniques of comparison and dynamics, an abstract-logical approach, analysis, and generalization of the obtained production indicators. Results – the need of agricultural producers for the allocation of credit loans and subsidies from the republican budget is demonstrated. However, there is a low share of investments in fixed capital due to insignificant attraction of long-term loans. The volumes of utilized appropriations in the agro-industrial complex as a whole are characterized by a small share, since their activities are often unproductive and unstable. Issues of objectivity and transparency of investment are insufficiently addressed. Subsidies are often distributed unevenly, which leads to the concentration of budgetary funds in large agroholdings. This exacerbates inequality and weakens the competitiveness of small and medium-sized forms of farming. Conclusions – the mechanism of material support for the agrarian sector should take into account that agribusiness structures operate on the principles of self-financing and that specific support measures are nothing more than additional measures designed to ensure sustainable economic conditions of activity. A gradual transition from direct subsidization of grants to AIC market participants toward the provision of accessible credit resources should be carried out on the principle of repayability of borrowed capital, which is ensured primarily by the level of income of the borrower. Food security of the republic, preservation of jobs, and development of rural areas depend on successful production activity in the agrarian sphere.
Improving the cost management accounting system in crop production: comprehensive analysis and recommendations
The purpose is to analyze the state of the cost management accounting system in the crop production sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identify key problems, and develop scientifically grounded recommendations for its improvement. Methods — analytical methods for a detailed study of cost control practices, the chart of accounts, and the current regulatory framework; the principle of synthesis for generalization and integration of scientific, regulatory, and practical information and systematization of theoretical approaches to building an effective internal reporting mechanism; comparative analysis to identify differences and similarities between accounting and administrative documentation, as well as to compare approaches used in different countries in order to assess best technologies and the possibilities of their adaptation; elements of the method of accounting for expenditures and receipts, such as accounting positions and double-entry bookkeeping, were used to reflect business transactions, summarize experience, systematize, and process data. Results — key shortcomings of the existing organizational structure of accounting in crop production are identified, and directions for its further optimization are proposed. The main barriers include insufficient consideration of industry-specific indicators, a limited composition of included costs, the absence of a unified methodology for constructing categories of accounting items, a low level of operational budgeting, and the lack of a clearly formulated structural strategy oriented toward the goals of corporate monitoring. Conclusions — to improve the quality of reporting information, it is recommended to develop a production classification of cost parameters, improve elements of financial position plans, introduce operational budgeting, and form a regulated regulatory policy focused on managerial needs. Implementation of the proposed recommendations will enhance the effectiveness of management accounting and significantly improve planning, control, and cost analysis processes.
Agricultural insurance in the Republic of Kazakhstan: modern approaches and prospects for expansion
The purpose is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the need to improve the insurance strategy for the sustainable development of the agrarian sector in Kazakhstan. Methods — economic-statistical, analytical, assessment and comparison methods in addressing issues of insurance coverage of perennial plantations, and comparison of insurance contract policies of different countries. Results — the insurance protection mechanism implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the agro-industrial complex is considered. Modern theoretical approaches to the assessment of insurance services in agro-industrial production are studied. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign practices in applying insurance services in the AIC is carried out. The relevance of optimizing public administration methods in the agricultural insurance system and increasing the trust of agricultural entities in insurance activities is demonstrated. The role of digital technologies that consolidate state programs of financial assistance and support for agribusiness, including under conditions of global socio-political and economic processes, is revealed. Arguments are presented regarding the impact of insurance instruments on ensuring transparency in the allocation and use of budgetary funds. Recommendations for modernizing the insurance structure in the agrarian sector are provided. Conclusions — at present, individual elements of digital transformation widely used in international practice are being implemented. It is important to strengthen the participation of “National company “Food contract corporation” JSC in the context of increasing its potential and expanding opportunities to provide comprehensive budgetary support to agricultural producers. Measures to ensure the safety of the agricultural sector, including expenses for subsidizing insurance premiums, are insufficient and require the development of a concept of state investment in the agrarian sector with coverage of households. The effectiveness of the proposed measures can be achieved by ensuring information activities, training based on real cases with the involvement of practitioners and subsequent support, and strengthening farmers’ confidence in the practical effect of state initiatives. A coordinated approach to regulating the insurance market and effective ways to reduce negative consequences are of decisive importance and contribute to risk prevention.
Economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises: criteria and evaluation indicators, impact of risks
The purpose is to examine the impact of the risk aversion factor, as well as subsidies, on the choice of production direction and structure of agricultural enterprises under the natural and economic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Methods — farm survey data for the period 2020– 2024 were used to build a mathematical model. The initial assumption was that subsidies have a significant impact on farmers’ attitudes toward risky decisions, the formation of production systems of agricultural entities, and contribute to more complete utilization of their economic resources. The organizational principle of modeling is based on a stochastic approach, which makes it possible to account for variability of the natural environment, price criteria, and behavioral characteristics of agricultural producers, and to analyze the effect of risk minimization and preferences for risk-free situations in farming strategies. Results — calculations using the risk model confirmed that crop production in the region has a relative market advantage compared to livestock production. At the same time, the development of meat and dairy cattle breeding is possible only with an effective mechanism of state subsidization and other financial support measures that compensate for a high level of uncertainty and the probability of unfavorable outcomes, ensuring income stability. Conclusions — optimization of only two or three key sectors within a farm may be sufficient to significantly reduce material losses and instability. Creating a business model with maximization of expected utility requires substantial intellectual, financial, and time resources. Therefore, the use of such an algorithm is justified when the task is to forecast and analyze possible consequences of implementing large territorial agroeconomic programs: significant volumes of invested funds allocated to develop such an operational scheme are conditioned by the scale and social significance of such initiatives, the need to enhance the competitiveness of the economic entity in the market, and to search for optimal product marketing channels.
Dairy subcomplex of Akmola region of Kazakhstan: features of functioning
The study notes the significance of the dairy subcomplex as a key element of the agroindustrial complex, on the efficiency of which the food security of the country and the region depends. The purpose is to analyze the current state of the dairy industry in Akmola Region, identify factors influencing its development, and determine the main trends of economic growth. Methods — economic-statistical and balance methods to assess the real situation in the dairy sector; abstract-logical and comparative methods in considering sectoral and regional features of dairy production and existing problems. Results — financial and economic indicators of the dairy segment of the region were examined and diagnosed. The dynamics of production parameters of dairy cattle breeding by categories of dairy farms are shown. The authors identify criteria limiting the capabilities of dairy-oriented economic entities and the measures necessary to ensure the productivity of farm dairy cattle breeding. Conclusions — it is substantiated that the main constraining condition for increasing the productivity of dairy farms remains the dominance of personal subsidiary and peasant farms with low milk yields per cow, while the quality and marketability of raw milk also influence the formation of a raw material deficit. To supply milk processing enterprises with sufficient quantities, the consolidation of personal households into agricultural cooperatives is proposed. This approach will make it possible to optimally utilize their production potential, increase the volume of dairy products produced by the population, ensure their marketing, and stimulate the transition to larger commercial forms of farming. The priority of this subsector of the agro-industrial complex is proven and should be reflected in the strategy of food stability of the region. The introduction of new technologies and digital transformation in livestock activities, strengthening of technical equipment contribute to increasing gross output, the level of self-sufficiency in domestic products, and expanding participation in foreign trade as the main form of international market relations.
Global market for organic honey: trends, barriers and potential for the Republic of Kazakhstan
The global market for organic products demonstrates steady growth, which is reflected in the segment of eco-beekeeping that generates demand for natural honey with high value added. This process is accompanied by a strengthening of the role of certification, traceability of origin, and growing consumer interest in environmentally friendly products. In Kazakhstan, certified organic apiaries are beginning to emerge, which determines the relevance of the study and development prospects in the context of global trends. The purpose is to present the current state and priority directions at the global level, identify dynamics and the structure of production and trade, as well as assess institutional and market prerequisites for the dissemination of beekeeping farms producing organic honey and the position of the republic within this system. Methods — statistical methods, comparison and generalization to outline the scale of regional production activities and substantiate the shares of leading exporters and importers; PEST analysis to identify institutional and economic barriers; content analysis of regulatory documents and scientific publications to compare international standards and quality assurance practices. Results - indicate high global consumer demand for natural honey and confirm the significant potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan in creating monofloral and terroir brands using digital technologies and origin marketing tools. Conclusions — Kazakhstan possesses competitive advantages in agro-biological beekeeping, creating opportunities for the formation of high-margin national brands, integration into international value-added chains, and strengthening the export component of the industry. Despite strictly regulated requirements, this type of agribusiness justifies itself through longterm dynamics and high profitability.
Agricultural land in Kazakhstan: status and trends in quality improvement
The market for agricultural land plays an important role in the functioning of Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. The share of agricultural land in the overall structure of the land fund accounts for 81.5%; therefore, the condition of land resources directly affects the situation in rural areas. The purpose is to study the features of land relations in the republic and identify the conditions for involving land areas in market turnover. The object of the research is the regulatory, economic, and social processes of the land sector, which have a subjective nature due to the stateimposed moratorium on the sale of agricultural land plots. From 2016 until December 2026, the sale of agricultural land has been suspended; transactions between business entities are carried out mainly in the form of lease relations. Methods — analysis of scientific and applied literature to identify regulators of the formation and development of the land segment of the economy; analytical methods to establish factors influencing the land asset market environment based on surveys and interviews; statistical analysis of indicators to examine supply for the commodity represented by land; and the monographic method to generalize the experience of developed countries in this context. Results - indicate that the expansion of the rural land real estate market in the Republic of Kazakhstan is regulated by the state on the basis of laws, resolutions, regulatory and standard documents, as well as purchase-and-sale and lease relations between economic entities. Conclusions — to include rural land tracts in economic turnover, it is necessary to improve business tools for promoting land holdings as a quality commodity used in agricultural production.
Monitoring of land resources based on the AIS GZK: application of geoinformation technologies
The purpose is to study the application of a geographic information system (GIS) for comprehensive spatial and analytical assessment of land resources with high environmental value, ensuring efficient land use, environmental sustainability, and scientifically grounded territorial management. Methods — analytical, statistical, and cartographic methods enabling quantitative and qualitative assessment of the land’s nature-conserving value. Using the cartographic and geoinformation method, topographic combinations of thematic layers (soils, relief, structural condition of lands) were analyzed to identify spatial interrelationships of factors. Results — a landscape analysis of rational management of the land fund was conducted. To study the environmental protection role of land tracts, key criteria were identified: relief and slope of the land plot, environmental condition (erosion, salinization, degradation), configuration of land parcels, and their use. Each parameter was determined on a scale of 0–1 based on the linear normalization method. Conclusions — practical implementation of GIS technologies will enable monitoring and visualization of the balance of characteristics of agricultural land, identify zones of inefficient and irrational exploitation requiring priority restoration measures. Geo-analytical platforms contribute to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises and optimizing their costs. Digital cartographic products are increasingly encountered in the practice of intensively developing farms. These systems are necessary for creating and maintaining cadastres of land and water bodies, property registers, environmental and weather monitoring, emergency management, prevention of production risks, and establishing interrelations among various causes affecting crop yields. The most important advantage of such data, especially satellite imagery, is their low cost for regular surveys of large territories.
Rational use of agricultural land: agroecological zoning
The problem of rational, environmentally balanced, and sustainable use of land resources is becoming particularly relevant under conditions of intensification of agricultural production and changes in natural and climatic conditions. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive consideration of biophysical, ecosystem, and socio-economic factors that determine the potential of agrolandscapes. In this regard, the purpose of the study is agroecological zoning of agricultural land and environmental and economic assessment of their condition to identify optimal directions for land development. The project was implemented within the dry-steppe agroecosystem of Pavlodar Region, characterized by a continental climate, low moisture availability, and a high degree of manifestation of degradation processes. The methodological basis consisted of systemic and landscape-ecological approaches that ensured a holistic analysis of the structure and functioning of the agrolandscape complex. Methods — cartographic, geoinformation, integrated, and statistical methods that enabled spatial monitoring of the territory and identification of functional differences in land according to natural-ecological and economic attributes. As a result, five functional agroecological zones were identified, differing in the degree of erosion hazard, soil cover stability, and level of economic suitability. For each zone, a differentiated set of agrotechnical, reclamation, and organizational-economic measures aimed at maintaining ecological stability, preventing degradation, and improving land use efficiency was proposed. The conducted diagnosis of environmental and economic effectiveness made it possible to establish the impact of deteriorating environmental conditions on reduced crop yields and to calculate the amount of costs required to compensate for losses. Conclusions — the results obtained confirm that agroecological zoning is an effective tool for land fund management, contributes to the preservation of soil fertility, enhances the adaptability of agricultural landscapes, and maintains ecological balance at the regional level. Thus, functional zoning is relevant for addressing the tasks of forming effective mechanisms of nature management on agricultural land.
The cartographic method for solving land-use problems
Pastures occupy significant areas in the country and serve as the basis of the fodder base of agriculture. The study of issues related to cartographic support for the use of pasture lands and state control over pasture resource management using geoinformation technologies (GIS) meets modern requirements for the digitalization of the land cadastre. The purpose is the study and monitoring of pasture lands based on geo-analytical systems and artificial intelligence. Objectives: to analyze spatial and land-cadastre data of pasture lands and regulatory standards, and to assess the condition of pasture territories using GIS technologies. Methods — within the framework of the project, orthophotos obtained using specialized software support SAS.Planet, designed for downloading, visualization, and processing of spatial indicators, were applied. The initial information included the collection of data on the boundaries of rural districts, pasture plots, and livestock numbers, followed by their digitization in the GIS environment; monographic and experimental methods were used in processing the research material with the application of modern software tools and computer intelligence programs. Results — the creation of an electronic database of cartographic services integrating geospatial parameters, automatic calculation of livestock load on pastures, and the formation of a legal act in the form of a protocol of preventive inspection for the elimination of violations. Conclusions — the developed model for calculating the intensity of grazing impact on land will be implemented in land inspection practice and in planning the use of agricultural land. Visual interpretation of results is accessible to specialists, farmers, and the rural population, enabling the introduction of mathematical-cartographic modeling techniques in cadastral work and the development of integrated natural resource cadastres for regions.
Water management structures in agricultural production: integrated management
Agriculture, as the main sector of the regional economy, ensures effective management of water resources. The purpose is to monitor the condition and potential of the water management sector of the countries of Central Asia, identify ways of their effective use in the agrarian sector, and develop recommendations for optimizing water policy under conditions of water resource scarcity. To achieve this goal, methods of system analysis, comparative-statistical analysis, and scenario 168odelling of water management depending on climatic and socio-economic factors were applied, making it possible to identify systemic causes of water reserve deficits, compare water use indicators across the countries of the region, and assess the availability of water assets in the agrarian sphere. The Results showed that more than 85% of the water potential of Central Asia is consumed in the agro-industrial complex, with a significant portion lost due to outdated irrigation technologies, canal leakages, and the absence of accurate water consumption accounting. Water losses in irrigation networks reach 40–50%, indicating an extremely low level of water use efficiency. Conclusions — careful management of water resources is an integral condition for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Central Asian countries. Under conditions of global climate change and a constant threat of water scarcity, the search for new irrigation technologies and methods, such as drip irrigation, hydroponics, and aeroponics, becomes an important step in the expansion and modernization of agricultural production. As water reserves decline, technological solutions aimed at maintaining optimal water supply will require increasing capital investments, a high level of professional skills, rational planning, and environmental responsibility.
Employment of the rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that ensuring productive employment of rural residents contributes to the sustainable development of rural areas and to solving problems of physical and economic accessibility of food for broad segments of the population. The purpose is to substantiate the prospects for effective labor activity in rural areas. Methods — the economic-statistical method for collecting and analyzing numerical data, identifying patterns, and forecasting economic processes. Results — trends of declining employment in the agrarian sector of rural settlements were identified; the necessity of improving the quality of life of rural residents through job creation and the introduction of innovative IT tools, expansion of social infrastructure, and alternative forms of employment was demonstrated. The empirical basis consisted of official data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, characterizing the rural population size and the level of labor activity by region and sector. As a result, uneven distribution of the rural population across the regions of Kazakhstan was identified, and the share of workers employed in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in the total labor resources of agrarian regions was calculated. Conclusions — the republic has opportunities to increase the attractiveness of the rural way of life, prevent migration outflows to cities, and retain qualified personnel with digital skills in rural districts. To this end, efforts of agrarians and scientists should be mobilized to develop recommendations for creating comfortable living conditions in rural areas, expanding agribusiness and non-traditional models of labor relations, increasing rural incomes, and providing personnel support to the agro-industrial complex. Scientific developments can be used to initiate measures to strengthen the labor potential of rural territories and enhance the efficiency of its utilization.
Artificial intelligence and digital transformation of the labor sphere in Kazakhstan: the role in increasing labor productivity
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies demonstrate a significant impact on the country’s economic growth. In conducting the research, special attention is paid to the agrarian sector. The purpose is a comparative analysis of the impact of digitalization and computer intelligence on labor productivity in agriculture. The empirical base consists of official statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan and selected countries for 2018–2024. Methods — analysis and synthesis, abstractlogical, and economic-statistical methods were applied to study the object under consideration, formulate hypotheses and logical conclusions, process and interpret quantitative data, and identify patterns, trends, and interrelationships in economic processes. Results — a model was developed that includes key economic indicators of agro-industrial production and financial sustainability, reflecting a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of innovative solutions, such as automation and data analytics of crop yields, production losses, output costs, and labor intensity. It is shown that in developed countries AI contributes to increased labor productivity and the redistribution of employment toward high-tech sectors of the national economy, whereas in Kazakhstan the practical impact of intelligent systems on the agro-industrial complex remains limited due to insufficient digital infrastructure and a shortage of qualified personnel. Conclusions — the obtained data indicate significant potential for improving work quality and profitability in the agrarian sector of the republic, provided that comprehensive mechanization and digital renewal are implemented, investments in AI are attracted, and effective state support for agriculture is ensured.
Internal labor migration and measures to stimulate it: the case of the «With a diploma to the village» project
The article addresses issues of internal labor migration to rural areas in the context of implementing the state program “With a Diploma to the Village.” The relevance of the topic is due to the need to eliminate imbalances in labor resources between urban and rural territories, as well as the shortage of qualified personnel in the agrarian sector. The purpose is to demonstrate the effectiveness of state regulation measures aimed at redistributing labor potential, stimulating the mobility of young specialists to rural districts, and retaining them in these regions. The object of the study is participants of the “With a Diploma to the Village” project, focused on supporting graduates of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions willing to work in rural areas. The objectives include assessing the dynamics of migration flows by region, motivational factors influencing relocation decisions, and studying state support mechanisms. Methods - quantitative and qualitative analysis for processing statistical data, stakeholder surveys, interviews with representatives of local selfgovernment bodies, and a comparative-analytical approach in monitoring relocation process issues. Results it was established that the program contributes to an increase in the number of young people working in rural settlements; however, an unfavorable situation persists with a low level of staff retention at the local level and increased migration mobility. Conclusions the author emphasizes the need to improve instruments of social and professional adaptation of university graduates and adopt a more flexible approach to implementing the set of measures. Migration of the rural population to large cities is a challenge faced by many countries. To minimize negative consequences, it is necessary to create attractive living and working conditions, introduce innovations, and support the younger generation. Ultimately, this will create a balanced and harmonious socio-economic structure both in individual regions and in the republic as a whole.
Information and communication processes in agriculture: global experience and priority directions in the Republic of Kazakhstan
In recent years, a number of initiatives have emerged in the agricultural sector aimed at implementing information and communication technologies (ICT), which are becoming a key factor in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in the era of digitalization. The purpose is to examine the main types of information services and digital infrastructure used in global agriculture, as well as, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression method, to analyze key directions and present a forecast of their use in Kazakhstan. Methods - — comparative analysis to study successful practices of implementing digital platforms in the agrarian economies of various countries; when identifying relationships with the functioning of the Internet network in the republic, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and the simple linear regression method was used to forecast trends in the expansion of Internet services. Results — digital information systems in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex significantly facilitate access to state subsidies and provide advantages such as risk minimization and procedural transparency. Conclusions — in the coming years, the Internet will strengthen its role as a strategic resource for agribusiness. At present, the need to transform this sphere into a high-tech sector is becoming urgent, driven by the necessity to develop the export potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan and achieve food security. Digital technologies in the agrarian sector will reduce production costs and increase product quality and competitiveness, enabling access to global markets. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex will be carried out through optimization of production and logistics processes, improvement of labor market efficiency, reduction of resource costs and production losses, and enhancement of the practical value of R&D. The study demonstrates the economic effect of digital solutions in agriculture and emphasizes the need for their integration into the activities of agricultural enterprises in the near future to achieve the set goals.
Rice farming in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan: optimization of performance through the PIM model
The purpose is to assess the economic efficiency of irrigated rice farms in the Kyzylorda region and the possibilities of increasing performance through the implementation of the innovative water resource management system Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). Methods - — comparative econometric analysis based on foreign experience in water-use planning. The methodological basis employed the Cobb–Douglas production function built on data from 303 rice-growing complexes in Northern Thailand, which made it possible to adapt international practices to the specifics of the republic’s water management and lay the foundation for developing a regional stochastic production model considering agrotechnological and climatic conditions. The calculations carried out made it possible to analyze the level of technical profitability and determine productivity growth potential under conditions of water scarcity. Special attention is paid to the analysis of a high-tech network for joint regulation of the water fund using PIM. Results — modeling showed that projected yields based on foreign technologies exceed the actual indicators of Kazakhstani entities, indicating the presence of unused enterprise potential. It was established that the PIM software complex contributes to the optimization of water ecosystems and the practical efficiency of labor and agrotechnical Methods -. Conclusions — the application of international best practices and creative management solutions in water management will form the basis for a long-term strategy for the sustainable development of rice farming in the region. The obtained results confirm the expediency of implementing PIM platform elements in agricultural formations, which will ensure production rationality, feasibility, and cost efficiency, reduce water resource losses, and minimize negative impacts on the ecological environment of the Aral Sea region.
Land cadastral works in the Republic of Kazakhstan: accounting and identification of patterns
Land cadastral accounting in the Republic of Kazakhstan is a strategic direction of state land policy aimed at ensuring rational use, protection, and restoration of land resources, development of the digital economy, and improvement of transparency in property relations. The purpose is to identify priorities for modernizing the national cadastral system based on the study of international experience, modern technologies, and legal requirements, as well as to determine prospects for introducing innovative mechanisms for land fund management. Methods - monographic, analytical, and expert methods provided a comprehensive approach to examining land ownership objects, analyzing factors affecting their functionality, and outlining trajectories of digital transformation. A comparative analysis of foreign cadastral models of France, Spain, and Germany was conducted, and the possibilities of adapting their elements in Kazakhstan were shown. Special attention is given to the role of the Unified State Real Estate Cadastre (USREC) as a key component of digital infrastructure in land relations and public administration. The possibilities of applying international standards ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and the European initiative Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIE), ensuring spatial data compatibility, unification of cadastral processes, and optimization of geoinformation quality, are presented. Results — it is noted that effective maintenance of the cadastral register largely depends on the level of digitalization, interagency integration, accuracy of cartographic data, and legal protection. Conclusions — further improvement of the cadastral structure requires technical modernization, an effective regulatory framework, expansion of digital services, introduction of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies, improvement of specialist qualifications, and formation of a culture of responsible land use. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of scientifically grounded methodological approaches and recommendations for optimizing the functioning of cadastral accounting in the republic.
Labor mobility as an effective instrument of territorial organization of rural areas
In the context of the transformation of the republic’s economy, issues of labor mobility have gained particular importance. Within the structure of labor movements, territorial mobility is increasingly prominent, influencing the quality of labor potential, determining the state of regional labor markets, and contributing to more efficient use of labor resources through their redistribution. One of the main economic problems is the shortage of agricultural specialists and the migration of the rural population to cities. The purpose is to identify personnel shortages in rural areas based on statistical migration data, examine labor income levels by economic sector, and develop proposals aimed at increasing the mobility of workers in the agrarian sector. Methods — statistical, comparative analysis, and systematization methods were applied to identify the volume of interregional rotation of rural workers and average monthly wages by type of economic activity. Results — the proposed approach to assessing the social mobility of the workforce, combined with effective practical implementation of a modern human capital management system, will make it possible to obtain a more complete picture of the social and labor sphere of Kazakhstan’s rural territories. Conclusions — the shortage of workers in regional agriculture is associated with rural-to-urban migration, relatively low wage levels in the agricultural sector compared to other economic activities, and ineffective personnel mobility. Programs for rural development should include effective mechanisms for ensuring rural employment and comprehensive state support measures that stimulate the creation of farms and personal subsidiary plots under conditions of diversification of the agro-industrial complex.