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Problems of AgriMarket

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No 2 (2020)
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11-16 381
Abstract
The current state of grain crops production and processing sphere is presented based on the example of Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar regions. The current problems and potential for increasing the enterprise production segment volumes of this sector are considered. The activity of large farms is analyzed. The authors note that calculation of the economic efficiency of grain sub-complex of the AIC of Kazakhstan will enhance the cost reduction of grain and products of its industrial production, taking into account the sectoral and regional characteristics of the republic, and will contribute to the achievement of goals, objectives and indicators in the frame of the implementation of the State program on the development of the AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021. To monitor and analyze the valuation of grain products, it is necessary to consider the cost structure when doing it. Expenses that form current costs of manufactured goods are grouped in accordance with their economic content in the following items: wages and deductions for social needs; mineral and organic fertilizers; seeds and planting material; maintenance of fixed assets; plant protection products; organization of production and management; work and services; insurance payments; etc. One of the factors of increasing the profitability of flour mill is a well-functioning cost regulation system, which is not regulated by any normative acts, but is determined by specific activities of each economic entity, its features, scale, industry affiliation, current and future goals of functioning.
17-23 318
Abstract
The role of marginal analysis for assessment of economic efficiency of agricultural production and justification of main directions of its increase is shown. The features of its implementation in agricultural sector are determined. The problems and reasons for their appearance in the assessment of the effective functioning of the AIC are highlighted. Methods of dividing production costs into fixed and variable costs using the direct cost system are generalized. Their weaknesses are identified, it is justified that when differentiating costs in agriculture, it is necessary to use functional changes in activities in its sectors. The difficulties in calculating the marginal income in practice, which are proposed by economic theory, are reflected. The advantages and disadvantages of a simplified method of calculating it in practice of agricultural enterprises are systematized. The ways of improving the techniques of marginal analysis based on the concept of determining fixed and variable costs for calculating profits in agricultural production in the form of control or threshold values of its development are considered. The main constituent elements of increasing the profitability of agricultural entities are indicated: break-even point, threshold of profitability, operating lever, financial strength margin. The possibilities of marginality are analyzed on the example of a peasant farm. This is one of the simplest methods aimed at operational strategic planning and management of financial and economic functions of enterprises, forecasting the results of the search for growth reserves of production and economic indicators.
24-32 295
Abstract
Anti-crisis management is a complex system for preventing or mitigating adverse factors, maintaining and increasing market positions using mainly own resources. The article studies the theoretical aspects of economic methods of anti-crisis management based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists on overcoming the crisis in agricultural sector. Summarizing the above arguments, the author's methodological approaches to assessing administration at the enterprise in crisis situation, its strategy, stages and directions for the agro-industrial complex by systematizing efficiency assessment methods are considered. The goals and components of the existing concepts are determined. The main indicators of financial and economic activities of medium and large agricultural enterprises of the republic for the period from 2014 to 2019 are analyzed, indicating high cyclicality of their losses. The problems of agricultural sector development are revealed. An economic mechanism of improving production structures of AIC is proposed, including prevention and elimination of the crisis situation. The external and internal criteria for effective activity in agricultural sector are considered, these are, first of all, State regulation of financial resources, loans and borrowings, and leasing to attract fixed production assets, market mechanisms, among which improvement of quality and competitiveness of domestic products are the priority issues.
33-39 376
Abstract
In countries with developed market economies, where the commercialization of the research results is effectively carried out through their introduction into production, extensive experience has been accumulated in solving problems of innovation process management in agricultural sector, which has its own specifics due to the specifics of agro-industrial production, and, above all, its main component - agriculture. The article examines foreign experience of enhancement of enterprises in the field of innovation, reveals the fundamental goals, objectives and principles of organizing innovation activity, methods of implementing innovation policy. The role of the formation and development of the updated infrastructure in the form of various segments is noted: scientific, scientific and technological centers, technoparks, technopolises and systems specialized in production of science-intensive products. Measures aimed to stimulate investors who invest in obtaining competitive goods that are in demand on domestic and foreign markets are of great importance; incentives for agricultural companies that use innovations are also effective. The widespread use of innovations allows high-tech medium-sized businesses to acquire modern equipment, provide expanded reproduction and development at high technical level at low costs. The authors believe that innovative movement is of decisive importance for the country's agro- industrial complex, since it provides its real modernization.
40-44 208
Abstract
The issues of statistical assessment of the development of investment environment in agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which forms the long-term competitive advantages of the regions, have been investigated. Various points of view of domestic and foreign scientists on socio-economic issues of the population living in rural areas are analyzed. Based on the analysis of modern sources of literature, some of them, which are typical for Kazakhstan, have been supplemented and clarified. Methods that allow assessment of the degree of formation of the size of financial resources are described. Applying statistical data from 2014 to 2018, characterizing the dynamics of key macro-indicators of investment in agricultural sector, econometric dependencies were formulated, which reflect the investment volumes in fixed assets of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. It was determined that optimal function is a logarithmic parabola that has the smallest deviations from the corresponding broken line, which is confirmed by insignificant values of autocorrelation coefficient of residue (r) and the mean approximation error (MAPE). The results obtained in the course of studying these aspects can be used in practical activities of government structures that regulate capital investment in AIC of the republic. It is noted that at the present stage of economic development, it is necessary to constantly monitor the state of investment activity in the country's agro-industrial production, develop and introduce new mechanisms and tools aimed at increasing the attractiveness of this market segment and economic stability.
45-52 756
Abstract
The new generation of information and communication technologies (ICT) consists of big data (BigData), robotics, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) electronic systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and cloud computing. ICT is important in agro-industrial production. This is a publicly available regulatory-legislative framework; financial services and agricultural insurance; new opportunities for small agribusiness; food safety and product quality control; access to new knowledge and innovations; links between academic science, education and participants on agricultural market. The article discusses foreign experience of digitalization of economy, in particular, the USA, China, the European Union, Chile, South Korea, Russia. Brief description of the State Program "Digital Kazakhstan" and the E-AIC platform is presented: goals and objectives, development vectors (existing digital technologies, creation of the future industry based on numbering methods), main directions: digitized methods in sectors of economic activity, transition to electronic government, development of human capital, creation of innovation ecosystem. Based on the analysis of various documentary materials, the achievements in the field of digitalization of agriculture in the republic are shown. The authors present the expected results from the implementation of the developed measures: annual increase in labor productivity, production costs reduction, increase in yield, introduction of electronic trading platform, organization of digital farms in agricultural sector. The activity of the Agripark "Ontustik" has been studied.
53-59 284
Abstract
The issues of using outsourcing relations in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed to increase its competitiveness are considered. The prerequisites for the use of outsourcing have been studied: level of organizational development, corporate culture, modern technology, low investment resources. The advantages obtained from introduction of outsourcing methods in domestic agro-industrial production - introduction of innovative technologies, improving products quality, cost reduction, increasing the enterprise efficiency. Promising areas focused on outsourcing are identified: veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, agronomy, breeding, accounting and legal services. The authors note that the evolution of the model of attracting external operators by agricultural enterprises is also typical for other industries, and it has a three-vector orientation: from single tasks to a full cycle of certain process in the interests of the customer; long-term integration from simple procurement of services; transfer of non-core procedures to profile ones. A SWOT analysis of the use of outsourcing services in agro-industrial complex is presented, their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and risks are investigated. The classification of the types of outsourcing relations according to production factor necessary for the implementation of the transferred function is carried out. Outsourcing of capital, labor, entrepreneurial ability, natural resources and combined information, and knowledge was studied. The necessity of developing a program of cooperation between agribusiness and industrial enterprises as an effective lever for modernizing the economy has been justified.
60-66 748
Abstract
Green economy is one of the most important aspects of the country's sustainable economic development. The transition to "green" economy will allow Kazakhstan to achieve the set goal of becoming one of the thirty most developed countries in the world. The authors analyzed the Concept of "green" economy, one of its priority directions is the development of organic farming, which is currently a modern global trend. The size of the land areas allocated for the cultivation of organic products in the republic and regions of the world for a number of years is shown and comparative analysis is conducted. The number of Kazakhstani producers of environmentally friendly products and also in other countries of the world is presented. It was revealed that the leading States in this area are the USA, Germany, France and Canada. The organic market there has a pronounced export character. In countries where the organic sector is developed, the farms are members of environmental unions, and undergo certification and food labeling. Certification is not limited to quality control of goods and includes monitoring of land and the entire production process. Kazakhstan is creating a system of integrity and traceability of products of organic origin, contributing to the improvement of ecological balance, conservation of natural resources, maintenance of biodiversity, formation of a national brand with an emphasis on environmental friendliness, taking into account the increase in exports of domestic food products to other countries.
66-75 269
Abstract
Prospective methods of organizing near-aul territories for grazing livestock located in personal subsidiary farms of the rural population have been justified, institutional, organizational and economic directions of their effective use have been investigated. Using the example of typical administrative districts of various natural and agricultural zones, the assessment of the feed reserve in areas around settlements was carried out. The existing load of livestock in PSF and the system of its maintenance have been determined. The degree of pasture degradation has been revealed. Alternative solutions for the rational use of lands adjacent to the settlements are proposed, which are based on a limited number of animals, mainly a dairy cows herd and attraction of other land categories (reserve and forest fund) for the distant grazing system. Seven methods of preservation of near-aul pasture lands aimed to prevent their degradation and organizational measures for the livestock sector development in private subsidiary farms are proposed. Calculations of the norms of keeping livestock per household, the existing structure of the herd, taking into account the peculiarities of caring for certain types of livestock as well as the required area of distant land plots in the seasonal summer and winter periods are presented. Based on the specific example, methods of cooperation and joint use of irrigation structures are proposed. Proposals on making amendments to the current legislation on measures of public support in the form of subsidizing part of construction and reconstruction costs of irrigation facilities in order to spread them in the near aul areas have been developed.
75-81 353
Abstract
The role of agricultural sector in sustainable development of the regions of Kazakhstan which is one of the priority areas of economy is revealed, which is important for the growth of socio-economic indicators of territories with a low level of industrial production and infrastructure facilities. In terms of market relations, their functional tasks have changed. A whole range of qualitatively heterogeneous goals of social, resource, financial and environmental nature emerged. The article shows the potential of agriculture in the regions of the country and the increased level of the main indicators: volume of crop and livestock production, investments, sown areas. It is concluded that regional agro-industrial complex is characterized by multidirectional trends. Particular attention is paid to the indicators of irrigated agriculture. The analysis of statistics shows that effective measures have been taken at the State and local government levels to stimulate the innovative development of the AIC. The main directions of specialization are determined. The influence of labor productivity on the efficiency of agro-industrial production is considered. It was revealed that domestic meat market and export of meat and meat products can provide the potential of livestock sector in the regions of the republic. The authors state that development of science and introduction into practice of agricultural production of the demanded results will ensure food security of the republic, increase the level and quality of life of the population.
82-88 687
Abstract
The authors identified development trends of agro-industrial complex of Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, assessed the process of digitalization formation, provided indicators in comparison with agro-industrial country - the Netherlands. The issues of creating a food belt around Almaty city are reflected, where sales system of the largest volumes of agricultural products in the region is organized. Main indicators of the availability of agricultural machinery are analyzed: tractors and combines. The problems of several districts of the region were identified as a result of organization of digital platforms in agriculture. Among the priority directions of the Digital Kazakhstan program, the digitization of land use of peasant (private) farms, agricultural holdings and agricultural production cooperatives is highlighted. Its results on agricultural lands by region are presented in the form of a graphic image - a diagram. Aspects of online services of the State, subsidies and functioning of smart farms are analyzed. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that digitalization process has started recently in all regions of Kazakhstan, since the “Digital Kazakhstan” program has been operating since the end of 2017. The digital transformation of agriculture is its integral part, which is planned for 2018-2022. The authors state that it is possible to ensure the accelerated and effective development of digital economy only if digital technologies are introduced and used in conjunction with the growth of real economy and transition to its innovative model. The spread of digitalization technologies will contribute to increased labor productivity, increase the industry's contribution to the country's GDP growth, and export of goods to the world markets.
89-99 546
Abstract
One of the main tasks of sustainable functioning of agro-industrial complex is to increase its competitiveness - the key drivers of national economy. The goal of the State Program on Development of the AIC of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 is to ensure production of goods in market demand in agricultural sector. In the implementation of one of its main directions, the priority is to increase the competitive advantages of agricultural products as a source of income for commodity producers, the basis for intensification of livestock production industry and ensuring the country's food security. The article analyzes the statistical data of agro-industrial production of Turkestan region for 2018-2019, proposes directions to improve economic efficiency of AIC, its competitiveness and export potential. The prospects of modernization of the region's cotton-textile industry, increased production of export-oriented cotton-textile products are shown. The activity of "AZALATextile" LLP, focused on production of competitive goods for domestic and foreign markets, was considered. The role of the roadmap of cotton-textile cluster is shown. The authors state the need to diversify crops, increase the irrigated area, population of dairy herds, sheep, camels and poultry, expand the cultivation area of fruit and berry crops and vineyards, create large and medium-sized commercial farms capable of applying intensive technologies, increase the efficiency of irrigation water use, water-saving methods of irrigation, export resources, reduce the share of imports of agricultural raw materials and industrial processing, practice agricultural marketing.
99-105 362
Abstract
The current state and problems of agricultural sector of Aktobe region are shown. The authors state that currently only 2-3% of the total turnover in vegetable and fruit growing industry is processed in the country. According to the Committee on Statistics of the MNE RK, in 2019 the gross output of agricultural, forestry and fishery products in Kazakhstan amounted to 4.41 trillion tenge. It is noted that it is required to improve the mechanisms of public support for agricultural sector of the republic. On the basis of statistical method, a positive trend in gross production volume was revealed. Taking into account the effective demand of local population for agricultural products, regional food stocks are monitored, while the reasons for the large fluctuations in yield in certain years are not only unfavorable climatic conditions, but also low technological equipment of the industry at all production stages, including harvesting. In this regard, the authors believe that the use of innovative post-harvest technologies and improved storage conditions are required. It has been justified that sustainable development of the country's agro-industrial complex largely depends on its financial condition: subsidies and affordable lending to the subjects of agricultural sector. The problems of agro-industrial complex of the republic are analyzed and measures are considered that contribute to the achievement of the main goal - to increase the living standards of the region's population through the effective use of the available raw material potential, expansion of high-tech processing industries.
106-111 235
Abstract
For sustainable economic development of Kazakhstan, tasks have been set to increase its competitiveness through effective protection and use of intellectual property aimed to strengthen export potential of enterprises, incl. agricultural sector. It is viewed as an important resource for innovative development, trade policy tool. The article outlines its distinctive feature, which lies in the fact that it is one of the main components of intangible assets of agro-industrial production. The aims of auditing of authorship works, objectives of auditing of intellectual capital, and its stages have been determined. The information obtained as a result of financial statements is systematized and analyzed. The principle of accounting of intangible assets, methods of their assessment and the value of subject of exclusive rights are shown. It is noted that enterprises, including agricultural enterprises, prepare financial statements in accordance with international standards. If violations are detected, the auditor develops recommendations for their elimination, as well as measures aimed to improve control in order to prevent such situation in the future. The authors state that in modern conditions it is impossible to achieve the goals of innovation and competitive advantages without using intellectual property. In scientific publications of recent years, these issues are described superficially, which is explained by the lack of methodological developments and practical experience in assessment, accounting and control.
112-118 373
Abstract
The article is devoted to relevant issues in the field of enterprise management, which structure is created under the influence of external and internal criteria. The financial position of JSC "Agrofirm "Aktyk" in Akmola region is analyzed. The dynamics of its indicators, characterizing the results of economic activity, methods of effective functioning, data for forecasting profitability of grain sales are presented. The interaction between the performance indicators and factors (mathematical equation) is modeled, which determines the values of the studied dependence on the basis of correlation-regression analysis, and final statistical assessment is presented, on the basis of which the optimal model for forecasting is selected, which allows calculating the influence of the selected parameters on optimal indicator. The conditions that have a direct effect on changing the indicators included in it are shown. The correlation coefficient is calculated, a high value of which indicates a close interaction between the considered conditions in the model and final data. A high degree of determination was revealed, indicating that final indicator depends on fluctuations of the selected values. On the basis of modeling, profitability, sales volume, prices and production costs, profitability and its variables are determined, which are necessary for enterprise management aimed at the efficient functioning of production process.
119-125 937
Abstract
The main problems of livestock production industry, which cattle producers face, are considered, including - weak feed base, small commodities, low quality of agricultural products, non-observance of veterinary and sanitary standards. The role of meat processing enterprises and increasing their competitiveness for participation on national and world markets of agricultural raw materials and food is shown. It was revealed that the main reasons for the low productivity of livestock population are the small number of breeding animals, unsatisfactory keeping conditions, inadequate feeding, and high feed purchase cost. Measures to improve breeding, eliminate the shortage of forage to obtain high-quality meat and dairy products are outlined. It has been determined that current level of meat production development in the republic requires new approaches to solving the problem of effective use of all types of products of livestock production complex, in particular primary and secondary raw materials, as well as finished products, which will contribute to the growth of the number of new entities in cluster system, attracting innovative technologies. Comparative analysis of export and import of meat and meat products over the past two years is carried out, as well as trends in the intensification of the industry in comparison with other countries that produce livestock products are analyzed. Based on the results of theoretical and practical research, conclusions were drawn and proposals were developed.
126-133 359
Abstract
Kazakhstan's participation in the world grain and grain products market is associated with an intensive trade between the countries. As a result, it is important to scientifically justify export strategy and interstate relations for production of grain processing products in order to meet the demand for them in all regions of the country with minimal costs, including production and export costs. The article discusses necessary conditions for this, which are created in the republic. Recommendations on improving the system of State regulation of grain processing are presented. It is noted that export is the basis of the country's competitiveness, financial stability of the State, main source of foreign exchange earnings. The experience of highly developed countries that have carried out economic growth due to the export-oriented model and have shown that achievement of stability of export potential depends on the effective foreign trade policy, contributing to the increased volume of exported goods, increased supply of available resources and products, and strengthening of the country on world market is shown. It was determined that processing of agricultural raw materials is the most important sphere of sustainable functioning of agro-industrial complex. State regulation of grain products sub- complex is based on the methods and mechanisms of foreign trade in food products and raw materials, taking into account economic prospects of the regions of the republic in expanding export of agricultural products. Kostanay region has high internal reserves for further development of flour-grinding industry, introduction of technologies for deep processing of grain, takes the third place in production of grain crops in Kazakhstan, and is the largest exporter of cereals, flour and pasta.
133-139 842
Abstract
Current state of food industry in the countries of the European continent: Denmark, Finland and Germany has been studied. Two main categories of processing industry are considered. Food production enterprises included in extractive sector are presented: salt production, fishing, seafood, etc. Large manufacturers of meat and dairy products are shown: meat processing concern "Danish Crown", "Arla Foods" (milk and dairy products), "Carlsberg" - production of beer and soft drinks, ingredients for food industry. The analysis of trends in development of food industry in Finland, large sectors for production of food products (meat processing, dairy and bakery), foreign trade in food and agricultural products, their exports and imports by region and country is presented. The largest companies in food industry of this country have been identified. The current state of food production in Germany is described (materials of the Federal Statistical Office on meat, confectionery, poultry industry). The dynamics of trade turnover in the EU and EAEU member States is shown. The topical issues of management of the priority sector of economy on domestic and foreign markets of food products have been investigated. Economic analysis of the industry for each individual country is carried out. Issues related to import and export of manufactured products have been studied. Examples of the activities of the leading manufacturers are given.
140-146 589
Abstract
It is noted that one of the main goals of functioning of clusters is to ensure the competitiveness of the country's regions. They include specialized businesses that are geographically localized. The core of cluster is agricultural producers and processing enterprises. Integration processes occurring in social production can be carried out in various organizational forms, differing in composition of participants, tasks of association, schemes of economic relations and management mechanisms. The experience of competitive advantages of clusters in production of food, biopharmaceuticals from agricultural raw materials in the States of Southeast Asia, China, Singapore, and Japan is shown. Cluster systems cover about 50% of the economies of the leading countries of the world (USA, Italy, Great Britain, France, Germany, etc.). In the course of grain processing cluster, it is necessary to take into account the existing problems of grain industry: morally and technically obsolete equipment, insufficient equipment, incomplete workload of production facilities, low level of raw materials processing. The authors state that clusters, performing the functions of intersectoral complexes, are “points of growth” of regional and national economy, priority area of innovation in agro-industrial complex, and increase in production of domestic products. It is necessary to develop mechanisms for long-term relations of participants in production and technological chains, their focus on joint sustainable development and multiplier effect of integration in view of ensuring the food security of the republic.
147-153 391
Abstract
The land use by various categories of farms in fruit growing and vegetable growing sector in the suburban area of Almaty region is shown. The analysis of effective land use in small peasant farms of vegetable and fruit-growing specialization is presented, where there is a low marketability and small product volumes, there are no public support measures. To increase the efficiency of agricultural resources, proposals on optimizing small-scale P(P)F have been developed based on organization of simple partnerships by combining several land plots of different size. Comparative assessment of the use of agricultural land in the suburban areas of the region is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of land use and system of organizing production of agricultural products are revealed. The mechanism of unification of small-scale peasant farms of fruit-growing specialization into a single gardening entity for joint cultivation of the land, using more productive equipment, complex technological operations is recommended. The proposed option on the joint irrigation areas in Karatal rural district of Yeskeldinsky district of Almaty region and enlargement of small adjacent P(P)F, the introduction of zonal crop rotations, innovative technologies, use of plant protection products, optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers, organization of harvesting and marketing of products, strengthening of public support measures will ensure the increase of profitability and level of profitability over 50% versus 10-12% currently in specific farms.
154-162 435
Abstract
The measures of State regulation and support of employment of the population, relevant issues of modern labor market, prospects for their solution in the frame of the implementation of State employment policy are considered. Macroeconomic analysis of indicators of employed and unemployed people was carried out, including labor market in agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. The importance of the issue of lack of jobs in rural areas, as well as unemployment of rural youth is noted, since official statistics indicate a large percentage of unemployed among rural residents. Support for employment in agricultural production is identified as the most important priority of the country's economic policy. The main attention was paid to studying the search for solutions to the problems of labor market in the frame of the implemented State programs. It is justified that the purposeful activity of the State in this area is a qualitative and quantitative tool for regulating and forecasting employment and welfare not only in macroregions, but also in the republic as a whole, which determines the importance and timeliness of these studies. The study of labor market in agro-industrial complex involves the study of labor potential of rural areas. The factors of formation of rural labor market are shown, taking into account its influence on the state of employment of the population in agriculture. The specific features of labor resources in agro-industrial complex are considered. Their efficient and productive use is the main criterion for increasing the number of people employed in the countryside.
163-170 202
Abstract
The results of a sociological study on development and application of non-standard forms of employment on Kazakhstani regional labor market are presented. An interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of standard, formal employment, self-employment, non-standard employment and its types is presented. The main results of a sociological survey of the population on non-standard types of employment among rural residents of Pavlodar region, which made it possible to assess the scale and structure of non-standard labor relations in market system, are shown. The problems of employment in the RS have been identified. The correlation between the forms of formal employment and self-employment of the rural population of the region has been determined. The reasons influencing on the decrease in the interest of rural residents in agricultural activities are analyzed, at the same time, it should be stated that people living in rural areas of the region prefer to work in agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises, even without official employment, which corresponds to Kazakhstani trends. Self-identification of the residents of the villages by types of employment was carried out and the prospects for expanding private business among the village residents were identified. The possibilities of entrepreneurship in rural areas of Pavlodar region were assessed, however, according to the results of the survey, the majority of rural residents do not see acceptable conditions for working in the field of agribusiness. The problems of development of non-agricultural activities are revealed. The attitude of the employed population to labor activity is revealed, the objective reasons for disinterest are determined. It is concluded that in rural settlements, the growth of non-standard employment contributes to the increased level of rural labor and increase in the income of the population.
171-179 311
Abstract
The main provisions for solving the demographic problems of rural development, municipal districts of the region on the basis of targeted formation of growth points, targeted administrative and legal impact, organizational and economic mechanisms, social responsibility of business, ensuring management of socio-demographic process, taking into account regional characteristics and national - cultural values aimed at eliminating the existing shortcomings associated with the emergence of depopulation and underestimation of its consequences, lack of hierarchically aligned priorities in ensuring demographic policy, going beyond the subject area. The application of the systemic and historical approaches to the study of socio-demographic problems is analyzed, which gives a clear idea that correcting the demographic situation and overcoming the trends of population decline in municipal districts in the region is possible only through a comprehensive State regional demographic policy that affects the factors of crisis in the field of demography with support of its main goals and objectives by effective measures. It is shown that improvement in social and material conditions of society and increase in material well-being can lead to decline of birth rate if cultural and informational environment is not maintained, which corresponds to the formation of family values, reproductive attitudes. In modern conditions, in order to get out of demographic problem situations, it becomes necessary to reorient the institutional and regulatory provisions of market economy from the individual to the family.
180-187 540
Abstract
The EU experience is one of the best foreign practices in the constructing and functioning of the public administration in the field of food safety. In particular, the food safety control and surveillance system is based on the concept «from farm to fork». The food safety control and surveillance system is a key factor of functioning of the single EU market, where the issues of ensuring safe trade in food products, including animals and plants are at the forefront. This article describes foreign food safety control and surveillance system, including veterinary and phytosanitary safety, that is based on the EU experience at the supranational level. In particular, the analysis of the EU food law was carried out on the following aspects: legal regulation and institutional structure. The article also discusses the fundamental principles of the EU food safety control system. In general, it was revealed that the EU food safety policy is focused on four key areas: food hygiene, animal health, plant health, and residues of harmful substances. Animal feeds are also regulated by the EU basic food safety law. Based on the results of the analysis, there are drawn conclusions and recommendations that can be used to improve the effectiveness of public administration of food safety control system in Kazakhstan.
188-195 354
Abstract
The issues of food security are considered - which are the basis of socio-economic development, an important element of economic and national security of the State, and form the conditions and mechanisms for countering economic threats, expanding reproduction processes in agriculture as a base for production and increasing self-sufficiency of the country's regions with food. The level of food supply, its structure are directly dependent on the volume of agricultural products received, optimization of processing industries and trade. The policy of the State based on four principles is shown: availability, stability, efficiency of use, availability, which imply that food products must be of domestic production, as well as the result of the use of stocks or imported with a stable supply. The main task of agro-industrial complex is to provide the population in full with high-quality domestic food, increase export of agricultural and food products, create necessary conditions for increasing employment and income in rural areas, and sustainable development of rural areas. It is noted that the well-being of the people largely depends on a sufficient number of consumer products in the country, their physical and economic accessibility. Therefore, generally available and high-quality food products are the key to the successful social and economic development of the republic, its territorial integrity as a State, and economic development of vast regions.
195-201 973
Abstract
The current state of the flour-milling industry in Kazakhstan and the influence of mutually beneficial cooperation between partners on development of flour-milling production are shown, since the sustainable growth of the country's economy is important for the flour-grinding enterprises of agro-industrial complex. The flour-milling industry is one of the strategically important sectors of food market segment. Stable provision of the population with flour-milling products is a component of the republic's food security. Based on actual data, the article analyzes the dynamics of production and sales of Kazakhstani flour-milling products. The rating by regions, leaders of processed products in 2019, monitoring of prices for grain and flour, demand for it, assortment, product quality, logistics infrastructure, protectionist policies of partner countries are presented. It is noted that long-term, mutually interested relations of the flour market participants are an important tool considering such factors as reliability, integration, interconnection, cooperation, timely, prompt, uninterrupted delivery. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to unify small mills, since only large and medium-sized mills with a capacity of at least 6,000 tons / day can produce competitive products. Flour of mini-mills, as a rule, does not meet the GOST requirements in terms of: ash content, grind size. High-tech mills (large and medium-sized) will ensure production of high-quality flour suitable for domestic and foreign markets.


ISSN 1817-728X (Print)
ISSN 2708-9991 (Online)