Global approach to qualitatively new consideration of the problem of food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan and state of agro-industrial complex, which in the current conditions needs to find and implement effective forms and mechanisms of state regulation and support for agricultural producers in order to stabilize domestic food market - all this becomes particularly relevant. The goal is to develop comprehensive methodology for analyzing food problem in the republic based on system of indicators that determine current situation and assessment criteria. Methods – monitoring the correlation between main parameters and threshold values. The availability of food (financial, economic, physical), quality and food safety, and availability of resource potential of agro-industrial production were taken into account and analyzed. Results - it is noted that the degree of financial affordability of food products for employed population and retirement age has decreased; coefficients assessing economic accessibility of food products are within normal limits. At the same time, physical accessibility indicators indicate difficulties with food supply. Conclusions - it was revealed that the level of food supply in Kazakhstan exceeds the average data in the countries of Central Asia. The food program is complex and multi-factorial, including economic, social, cultural and environmental indicators. By maintaining competitiveness of national producer, country gains the opportunity for more sustainable and efficient development of its own agricultural sector. Assessing the parameters of the effective functioning of AIC becomes main content of monitoring process, based on the results of which one can judge the possibilities and prospects of providing the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with food in the required volume of quantitative and qualitative aspects of their needs. 

Goal - the current state and problems of development of agriculture in Kazakhstan are considered - basics of providing food to the population of the republic and development of recommendations for improving agricultural policy.

Methods – systematic approach, abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical.

Results - the authors note that the Republic of Kazakhstan ranks 32nd in the Global Food Security Index for 2022. The country has sufficient natural resources to strengthen agri-food sector, and there is the necessary level of physical availability of food products. At the same time, the share of consumer spending on food products exceeds 50%, which indicates a relatively low degree of economic accessibility of food products. The republic is directly dependent on imports of beef, pork, poultry, fish, seafood, vegetable oils, sugar and chocolate. Dairy products are uncompetitive in comparison with similar Russian and Belarusian products, which leads to significant volumes of imports. Positive results of the functioning of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan include exceeding gross grain harvest of the threshold level of food self-sufficiency.

Conclusions – recommendations prepared as part of the study are aimed at further spreading agricultural cooperation in livestock and crop production, implementing the import substitution policy in  agricultural sector, increasing  profitability of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, improving domestic technological and resource base, and living conditions in rural areas. Improving food security will be possible if there are effective measures of support from the state for agricultural producers, which implies necessary level of subsidies, reimbursement of capital costs, preferential lending, and provision of targeted financial assistance.

The goal is to outline  main provisions of the concepts “Industry 4.0” and “Industry 5.0”, to show  main directions of digital transformation of agricultural facilities and the fifth industrial revolution.

Methods – systematic approach, comparative analysis, expert-analytical.

Results - it is noted that the main component of Industry 5.0 is the widespread use of robots, cobots, big data technologies, blockchain and artificial intelligence in production processes. One of the promising trends in the development of  digital economy within the framework of Industry 5.0 projects is creation and implementation of robot managers used in  management of firms, enterprises, and business structures. A block diagram of  robot manager and  description of the work are presented, blocks for inputting incoming information from  divisions of  economic entity and  analytical one that provides statistical and dynamic data analysis,  model for solving optimization coordination problems based on  theory of optimal management, methods and models of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic and neural networks, blocks for developing various options for the results of management actions and selecting the most acceptable one, and information and reference blocks, allowing the manager to have the necessary information about the state of production and economic activities.

Conclusions - spread of robot managers in agricultural sector will ensure the use of end-to-end digital technologies: big data, algorithmic intelligence, distributed registry technologies (blockchain), additive technologies, wireless communication technologies, etc. The use of robot managers in  agricultural sector will create favorable conditions for increasing profitability of production, improvement of its economic indicators. Their development is aimed at reducing current production costs and production costs, which in the current economic conditions is a priority need for agricultural producers in order to positively change the financial condition of their functioning.

China, being one of the world's largest food importers, has significant market opportunities for the Kazakhstani agro-industrial complex. In order to use this potential, the Republic of Kazakhstan is actively implementing measures and programs to stimulate and support the export of agricultural products.

The goal is to study the features and prospects for the export of agricultural raw materials and food products to the PRC. As part of this study, the International Trade Center provided information to analyze the volumes and range of exported and imported food products and goods that were categorized in accordance with the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity.

Methods - descriptive statistics and index approach, allowing toidentify the main trends, quantitative changes and structural shifts in trade in food products of Kazakhstan with China and other countries. To determine the efficiency of production of various food products in the Republic of Kazakhstan relative to other countries, the Balassa index was used, measuring comparative advantage (RCA) in this area.

Results - the authors note the positive impact of development of logistics, economic growth, market size and geographic proximity of Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan, on formation of supply chains at different levels. However, to further modernize agri-food sector, a number of obstacles and risks need to be addressed: problems in production processes, processing and logistics, as well as technical and institutional constraints.

Conclusions - improving the export strategy is crucial in shaping the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan in conditions of a mobilization economy: mitigating threats and risks, identifying internal resources to strengthen trade relations with the People's Republic of China.

The goal is to study the mechanism for increasing the efficiency of production systems when fattening beef cattle. An example of the use of Smart Technology is given to determine and influence the quality of genetic selection of meat animals, which in turn contributes to high average daily gain and increased profitability of farms. The object of research - methods of keeping and feeding cattle, digital technologies and technical means, results of fundamental, theoretical, forecasting and search and applied scientific developments.

Methods – comparative analysis, expert assessments, experience in applying promising trends and innovative technology of the Intergado system.

Results – it is shown that the use of such nanotechnologies makes it possible, depending on the “key feature,” to automatically generate databases of production processes through which the weight and condition of the livestock is monitored. Based on information about changes in the weight of cattle, timely adjustments are made to the animals’ diet, which helps improve their health and optimize the genetic algorithm. Weighing cattle (BW) is an important tool in herd management since increasing body weight affects productivity, productivity and, as a result, readiness for speedy sale and savings in feed costs.

Conclusions – digital solutions have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of regulation of agricultural production with a large flow of information and technological operations;  model parameters make it possible to automatically transfer farm animals from one production group to another by tracking the “live weight” indicator for culling.

The socio-economic development of rural areas of Kazakhstan is largely determined by the magnitude and degree of use of potential, effectiveness of which largely depends on optimal combination of its constituent elements involved in economic turnover. The main directions of modern social policy are to improve the quality of life and modernize the national economy to ensure the required level of income for the rural population.

The goal is to develop methodological provisions for a holistic assessment of the state and prospects for increasing the internal reserves of rural areas.

Methods – comparative and system analysis, statistical-economic, logical generalization.

Results – it is noted that target indicators are key indicators: level of agro-industrial production per capita, employment, average monthly wages of rural residents, the size of capital investments, consumer prices, environmental well-being. The authors focus on the importance of improving engineering and logistics infrastructure, expanding the capabilities of border rural settlements, uniting small farms and organizing agricultural cooperatives, allowing farmers to reduce costs for fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, feed, increase the volume of production through the sharing of land, agricultural machinery, stable sales of goods.

Conclusions - the Concept for the Development of Rural Territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2027 provides for a number of measures to involve villagers in local self-government, provide state support, spread agritourism, stimulate exports, ensure environmental safety and, in general, aimed at the systemic restructuring of the Kazakh village, where a significant number of rural population with high opportunities for sustainable growth. Such organizational and managerial approaches help solve the demographic situation and investment attractiveness of rural areas.

Entrepreneurial activity in rural settlements is the basis for sustainable development of rural areas. Supporting agricultural producers and ensuring food security, the importance of forming a unified complex for production and processing of agricultural products and diversifying the rural economy determine the relevance of the chosen topic.

The goal is to show the potential of rural entrepreneurship as a mechanism for the stability of rural areas of the republic.

Methods – scientific generalization, classification, systemic and comparative analysis, abstract-logical.

Results – the following were noted as key effects. Organizing a business in rural areas has a number of advantages: increasing the level of employment by creating new jobs, increasing cost recovery, increasing the profitability of agribusiness, quickly responding to demand in accordance with market conditions and changes in market behavior of consumers. In villages, there is an opportunity to open facilities of small economic entities for growing crops for the processing complex, in the fields of agro-, eco-, ethno–tourism, and the sectors of craft professions and service provision. In the Concept for the Development of Rural Territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2027, special attention is paid to the issues of entrepreneurial initiative of rural residents. An analysis of production indicators of peasant (private) farms, legal entities, and individual entrepreneurs engaged in agriculture was carried out.

Summarizing the study, the authors conclude that small business in rural areas will help overcome labor market problems, preserve the rural way of life, culture, social and environmental control of the territory, technological and institutional modernization based on a comprehensive, balanced and targeted implementation of the interests of the rural population and the state.

The goal is to assess the results of production activities of agricultural enterprise, final financial indicators and its overall financial condition, depending on the volume of state financial support.

Methods – comparison of calculated levels of dynamics of economic activity of an economic entity, abstract-logical, generalizations.

Results - the state of the existing mechanism for providing budgetary funds to agricultural formations is analyzed. The trends in receiving financial assistance from the state are considered based on the use of information about their goals, strategy and competitiveness. The parameters of production of crop and livestock products at the analyzed facility over the past five years have been studied; for the same period, the volumes of funding received have been indicated, the amounts of which are not stable over the years; a direct relationship between the increase in the amount of subsidies and the increase in the volume of products produced has been substantiated. The one-sided nature of the amounts of financial investments provided, which are focused mainly on the crop production industry, is noted. The author states that despite the decrease in production indicators, there is a significant increase in gross and net profit, which helps improve the financial position of the agricultural company.

Conclusions - as measures to improve the system of providing financial support to agricultural producers, it is advisable to increase public investment in agricultural enterprises in priority areas, primarily for the production of livestock food products, as well as to reduce interest rates; provide for the issuance of loans for the development of livestock farming. To ensure the sustainable functioning of an agricultural enterprise, an effective economic instrument is needed, based on a combination of state regulation and self-control, and the implementation of a balanced pricing and financial and credit policy.

Among crop crops, cereals have undoubted advantages - high rates of food and feed saturation. Grain is stored for a long time without loss of commercial quality, which means it is used to form reserve and strategic reserves, delivery is carried out by most types of transport, it is also an important resource for the food and processing industries.

The goal is to analyze the current situation and develop practical recommendations aimed at improving grain storage technologies as important segment of the grain products industry of the socio-economic system.

Methods – statistical-economic, systemic and comparative analysis, logical generalization.

Results – accumulation, placement, processing and storage of grain resources, their use and ensuring the effective functioning of grainproduct subcomplex are assigned to grain receiving and grain processing enterprises. Storage of grain products, like many other goods, requires a sufficiently equipped material and technical base and highly qualified personnel with knowledge and experience in this area.

Conclusions – at the present stage of development of grain production, it is necessary to take into account various nuances of an economic and managerial nature, to avoid violations during its cultivation, transportation and sale, which can lead to a decrease in quality, and therefore financial losses. In conditions where a continuous process requires compliance with regulations, a centralized mechanism for the distribution of raw materials was developed, and large storage facilities received maximum investment to expand and provide the optimal possible number of business entities located over large territories. Modern equipment for cleaning and drying in tandem with a technological granary will allow you to preserve any type of agricultural crop for a long time without reducing the basic properties.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is considered one of the countries with the highest potential for grain production in the world, since it has the appropriate infrastructure, the necessary sown areas, harvesting technologies, and human capital. At the same time, high competition and the tasks of ensuring  food security of the state require a constant search for ways to improve the effectiveness and rationality of management decisions in crop production.

The goal is to determine directions and trends for increasing the effective functioning of grain farming in Kazakhstan.

During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling and comparison were used.

Results - analysis of the volumes of wheat grown in 2010-2022. showed a positive vector of development, the average harvest increases annually by 228 thousand tons, in 2022 22 million tons were harvested in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this is the highest figure in the last 10 years. Of course, this is a satisfactory dynamic, but there are untapped reserves in the industry. Based on the production indicators of the regions of the republic cultivating this crop, the most effective of them were identified. For these purposes, the DEA method was used.

Conclusions - the main target function of  grain sector is to maximize the satisfaction of the population's needs for grain products. Other, no less important, its functions: creating a balanced market for grains and raw materials for the processing industry; more complete use of production capabilities in all areas of the grain product vertical of the AIC; reduction of losses at the junctions of production - transportation - processing - grain trade. Structural proportions in the development of the grain product subcomplex become a significant factor ensuring its sustainable functioning.

The goal is to analyze the current state of the rice growing industry in the Kyzylorda region and develop recommendations for its further development.

Methods – during the study, a systematic approach to data selection, quantitative and qualitative methods, methods of comparison and generalization, logical, statistical, correlation and regression analysis were used.

Results - the authors show the importance of the development of rice farming in this region, present the dynamics of rice production and sales, and assess the effectiveness of rice farming in the region. It has been established that in recent years the production of this crop has been declining, and the performance indicators of the rice complex are correspondingly decreasing. Due to the fact that the rice growing sector is characterized by competitive advantages, the article analyzes the level of activity of three competing companies - leaders in this market segment of Kazakhstan. The strengths and weaknesses are identified, as well as the opportunities and threats of the rice growing industry.

Conclusions - the importance of rice growing for ensuring food security, social stability and overall economic growth in the country has been proven. The priority is to implement a set of measures to optimize sown areas, use modern technologies and equipment, and introduce innovations to increase the gross yield and yield of rice crop rotations. This traditional field of activity is promising and has export potential. There is a need to increase demand for products, create a system for promoting them to the market in order to increase exports, state support in the reconstruction of rice irrigation systems, subsidizing seed production, updating mechanization equipment, regulatory and methodological support, and personnel training.

An important task facing productive horse breeding is  production of high-quality meat at the lowest cost of labor and material resources. The meat of the herd horses of Yakutia and Kazakhstan, especially foals and young animals, has a high nutritional value compared to other horse breeds and is highly valued among the residents of the republics.

The goal is to show the importance of research into the quality of horse meat and foal meat, the need to develop technologies focused on the consumer preferences of local residents.

Methods – statistical, comparisons and generalizations, logical approach to presentation.

Results – comprehensive study of  chemical composition, nutritional and biological advantages, organoleptic properties of horse meat, foal as a raw material for the production of meat products was carried out. The technological processes for preparing meat products, semi-finished products and offal, smoked and boiled products are scientifically substantiated. The practical significance lies in the development of a new range of meat products, semi-finished products from meat and internal organs, smoked-boiled and dry-cured products and technologies for their production. Indicators of the quality characteristics of processed horse meat and foal meat products have been determined. The developed nanotechnologies have been introduced into production in a number of processing enterprises in Yakutia and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Conclusions – today the world community is focused on healthy nutrition from environmentally friendly products. In this regard, horse meat and foal are the most cost-effective eco-products for both the Kazakh population and the people of Sakha. Experience and knowledge in horse breeding, accumulated over many centuries, are their national treasure, an invaluable wealth of the modern world. It is necessary to expand research into the nutritional, dietary and medicinal properties of horse meat and koumiss as natural products.

The goal is to develop an algorithm for financial modeling of business processes in beef cattle breeding.

Methods – general scientific and empirical. The logical method was used to determine the structure of the study and identify cause-and-effect relationships. The collected material is systematized, summarized and analyzed taking into account the technological features of the industry, modern market conditions, regulatory requirements, financing criteria and government measures to support agricultural producers in the republic. Methods of synthesis, comparison, comparison, and mathematical calculations were also used.

Results - the authors proposed  financial business model that promotes flexibility in planning  production program for keeping and raising livestock for meat. The advantages of  financial model in cattle breeding for meat productivity are substantiated as an effective tool for information support, planning, analysis and management decision-making, consisting in the fact that the content of each component of the mathematical financial model allows you to study their components and collect information necessary for financial and economic calculations. The composition of the elements for constructing a financial strategy for breeding beef cattle has been determined, including initial data, analytical calculations, and resulting parameters. A step-by-step algorithm for financial business planning has been created, from initial parameters and assumptions to the calculation of technological and economic efficiency indicators.

Conclusions - based on financial modeling of business processes, farmers will have the opportunity to preliminarily assess profitability, find savings reserves, and predict costs for intensive beef cattle farming. A comprehensive business analysis with a financial model and assessment of the market situation is necessary in order to obtain a loan, attract investment and prepare an investment project.

The goal is to assess the state of milk production and processing for all categories of farms in the republic, to show the role of the development of the dairy industry in providing the population with food from its own resources in order to achieve food security of the country.

Within the framework of this study, general scientific methods were used - systematization, comparison, statistics, factorial, generalization.

Results - it is noted that to obtain the required volumes of milk in Kazakhstan there is a favorable geographical and climatic resource potential;  review of bibliographic materials on the management of dairy industry of the best foreign countries is presented; assessment of Kazakhstani regions with high indicators of processed raw materials was carried out;  high proportion of individual business entities engaged in raising cattle and producing dairy products has been demonstrated; the reasons for the low quality of raw milk are revealed, which do not allow its use for the production of high-quality dairy products; emphasis is placed on the insufficient level of technical equipment of processing dairy plants; the need for automation and implementation of digital technologies on dairy farms is substantiated; problems of expanding the range of dairy products due to the small-scale production of personal subsidiary plots (farms) were identified; serious threats are identified from the lack of innovative equipment, storage and transportation of dairy raw materials.

Conclusions - recommendations have been developed to increase the modernization and digitalization of dairy farms. The authors state that the use of innovations should give milk processing enterprises a qualitatively new character, increase the technical and technological potential of processors and the economic efficiency of their activities, improve the consumer properties and product positions of food products made from cow's milk.

The goal is to analyze the current situation on market for milk and dairy products in the Akmola region, to determine trends in sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding in the conditions of  innovative economy.

Methods – analytical and statistical industry information is systematized and summarized on the basis of economic-statistical, balance sheet, abstractlogical methods from open access sources and scientific literature.

Results – the state of the dairy sub-industry in the region is considered. The authors identified the reasons that make it difficult to expand the capabilities of dairy farms. It is shown that highly efficient, resource-saving technologies are of particular importance for the intensification of the production of milk and its processed products and the economic growth of this market segment. The main focus of state support for dairy farming is outlined. To increase its effectiveness, effective republican and regional programs will be implemented. Active work to create modern large dairy farms in the region and raise dairy cattle will become attractive for investment. At dairy food complexes, the productivity of cows significantly increases, gross milk production increases, and optimal conditions for its primary processing are provided, which, in turn, ensures the quality of raw materials.

Conclusions - the article proves the relevance of the study, which lies in the proposed measures to further increase the role of dairy farming in achieving food security of the state, justifying the need for public investment, increasing the volume of subsidies (direct subsidies and compensation for interest rates on loans), as well as choosing priority areas (infrastructure, technology) and taking into account many indicators that affect the efficiency of reproduction.

The development of  fruit and vegetable sector is given special attention throughout the world. The production of fruits and vegetables is an important component of the agro-industrial complex and one of the most common types of agricultural activities in terms of the income of small and medium-sized producers and the food security of the republic. Fruits and vegetables, being a source of vital minerals and vitamins, occupy one of the key places in the diet and are among the essential goods.

Goal - current issues of increasing the efficiency of fruit and vegetable production and its potential are considered.

Methods - analysis, comparison, generalization, allowing to identify problems whose solution is important for the food supply of the country's population.

Results - the experience of world practice of market trade in horticultural products was studied. The authors substantiate the need to develop and implement measures of state support for elite seed farms and originators of varieties, create and restore infrastructure for the procurement, storage, processing and sale of vegetables, berries and fruits, organize wholesale markets for environmentally friendly vegetable raw materials. The state of  fruit and vegetable subcomplex is shown. An analysis of the volumes of cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops by various organizational and legal entities is given. Examples of an effective sales system for fruits and vegetables abroad and mechanisms for the distribution of products are given. The need for state regulation and stimulation of the fruit and vegetable industry is noted.

Conclusions - there are all the prerequisites for expanding and further building the potential of competitive and sustainable agricultural formations in the fruit and vegetable sector, capable of fully satisfying domestic consumer demand. This can be achieved through the introduction of new resource-saving technologies, the implementation of high-tech projects taking into account adaptation to climate change, environmental protection, and maintaining balance in the food supply chain.

The global economy is experiencing rapid growth in demand for organic agricultural products, which is one of the key factors stimulating the development of the organic market. This dynamic is especially true in countries where consumers consciously choose organic products due to their positive impact on human health and the environment.

The goal is to identify and analyze external macroeconomic and sociocultural conditions that influence the organic sector of Kazakhstan. Research methods – PEST analysis, analysis of the political and legal environment, statistical data, sociological research: surveys and observation.

Results - political, economic, social and technological incentives have been identified that can influence the accelerated growth of this market segment in the medium and long term.

Conclusions -  importance of the active participation of the state,  introduction of modern technologies, information and educational programs and improving the infrastructure of bioproducts market is indicated. The need to improve the state planning system at the level of central and local executive bodies is substantiated. Measures are recommended to increase the awareness of Kazakh consumers regarding organic goods, which directly affects the expansion of the market for organic goods. An integrated and systematic approach to these areas will intensify the development of organic agriculture in the republic, helping to improve the quality of life of the population and protect the environment. The authors come to the conclusion that production of organic products can become one of the main sources of income for the regions of the country, subject to the formation of an effective legislative framework, investment, including government investment, creation of  favorable business climate and  implementation of  competitive advantages of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Goal - main problems of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, formation and development of agricultural clusters as a strategic direction of agriculture in the republic are considered.

Methods – empirical methods of research, analysis, synthesis, comparative characteristics, generalization were used.

Results -  the authors indicate that agro-clusters, by facilitating cooperation between stakeholders, play a key role in diversifying agricultural production, reducing post-harvest losses and improving access to markets. From environmental and economic perspective, they are an effective integration structure that allows one to gain a competitive advantage. The realization of agricultural potential is possible through the strengthening of cooperative principles and clustering of the agricultural sector. Cluster management will be aimed at creating conditions for the active use of innovations in technology, management, marketing, as well as to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. The main objectives of the long-term cluster policy are: stabilization of the development of AIC; increasing the share of products and services in the total volume of gross output and exports; increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural industry; creating favorable conditions for business activity in rural areas; increasing employment, income and quality of life of the rural population.

Based on a detailed study of these issues, conclusions were drawn: the practice of spreading agricultural clusters is significantly influenced by improving the legislative framework, eliminating barriers to internal competition, promoting the expansion of sales markets, and creating specialized training programs. When creating agricultural clusters, national and regional interests must be taken into account; they become driving forces in solving issues of food supply for the region and the country as a whole.

The study of formation and effective development of agricultural cooperatives in rural areas is of particular importance in the context of improving the legislative and legal mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of agricultural industry,  effectiveness of mutually beneficial economic relations, and promotion of cooperative processes in agro-industrial production.

The goal is to substantiate the need to optimize the system of state regulation and support for agricultural cooperation.

Methods – analytical, monographic, comparison and generalization.

Results show the problems that make it difficult to unite small forms of farming in rural areas: low labor productivity, limited access of farmers to technical and information resources and services, lack of modern equipment. The authors note that regulatory governance and oversight, financial support, advisory services and training are needed.

Conclusions - cooperation of medium and small enterprises is the only opportunity to produce a modern and competitive product comparable in cost to the products of large agricultural producers. They are of great socioeconomic importance, since they provide employment to a significant number of villagers, contribute to their effective functioning in a market economy through the expansion of agricultural production, the growth of competitive potential, which facilitates entry into the market, ensuring the profitability of business entities, and allows solving issues of import substitution and development of the infrastructure of RS, improving the level and quality of life of the rural population. Such cooperatives adapt their operations to agricultural technological innovations in the use of fertilizers, growing crops and livestock, agricultural mechanization, and the use of new resource-saving energy sources and communication systems. Small farms united on cooperative principles can fully demonstrate their inherent advantages in the future.

The goal is to study the mechanism of functioning of the labor market in rural areas.

Methods – abstract-logical, systemic, comparative, statistical analysis, observation.

Results - internal and external factors influencing the formation and development of rural labor market in the Pavlodar region were analyzed, and measures were proposed to reduce tension in the agricultural labor market. The employment market in the villages of this region and its importance for agriculture and rural areas are considered. Based on statistical data from 2014-2022. The main indicators of the labor market at the district level are presented. The structure of the population employed in  production of goods and services is shown, which makes it possible to identify economically underdeveloped settlements. A reduction in the number of able-bodied citizens in rural settlements has been revealed as a consequence of the migration movement of able-bodied people, the aging of rural residents, and unemployment problems: dispersal of the labor force, low degree of territorial accessibility, limited non-agricultural types of employment. The directions for improving the social infrastructure of rural areas, increasing awareness of the support measures taken, popularizing entrepreneurship, cooperation, including private farming, commercial private plots are substantiated.

Conclusions - one of the reasons for the imbalance in  agricultural labor market is the low quality of jobs in rural territorial units, due to unsatisfactory conditions of professional activity, lack of opportunities for advanced training and career growth. Large-scale diversification of the rural economy, support for farmers and alternative forms of employment and self-employment make it possible to smooth out negative trends and generate additional income. Measures have been proposed to stabilize this market segment. 

The employment of  rural population in rural regions is the object of close attention from the state.

The goal is to identify trends in the structure of the sphere of labor relations in the context of the transition to a post-industrial society and technological modernization of the economy. To conduct the research, general scientific and special methods were used: abstraction, analysis, synthesis and logical cognition.

The results—employment and unemployment—are closely related socio-economic categories that characterize labor market policy. Its comparative assessment of urban and rural residents for 2022 is given. The activities of small-scale commodity structures located in rural areas on a regional basis are analyzed.

Conclusions - priority directions of agricultural policy have been identified. The negative impact of problems that hinder the growth of labor potential is shown. Modern agricultural labor does not receive proper positive development due to the dissatisfaction of rural workers with their activities, the low level of mechanization of agricultural production sectors, and the material disinterest of workers. Ways of assistance in employment are proposed: development of small forms of entrepreneurship, including expansion and increase in the profitability of personal subsidiary plots and peasant farms; training and retraining of young rural workers and specialists as the main factor determining the growth of their professional mobility and competitiveness. It is necessary to create conditions under which agricultural enterprises and farmers would have the opportunity to work profitably, update fixed assets and equipment, master innovative resource-saving technologies, increase and modernize jobs in the social sector, infrastructure (transportation, storage, marketing of products), housing and communal services, rural construction.

“Green” investments are a set of financial instruments based on private and public investments aimed at financing “green” projects.

The goal is to consider modern approaches to “green” subsidies for agricultural sector of Kazakhstan and present our own position on this issue in the context of transition to innovative technologies of the “green” economy in the form of a multifactor model.

Methods – the article uses statistical data series, studies the works of foreign and domestic scientists, and international experience.

Results - the main elements of its construction in  agro-industrial complex of the republic are identified, the influencing factors are analyzed; shows the dynamics of “green” subsidies based on economic and mathematical modeling. The results achieved in various countries regarding the investment of new mechanisms for environmentally sustainable development are summarized. A calculated forecast model was obtained, taking into account possible risks, characterizing the expansion of the scope of environmental policy in the country. Based on the study, conclusions were drawn about the need to improve the market for “green” securities and long-term lending. The author states that sustainable investments are currently in demand in any industry, and among the highest priority areas in agriculture are projects aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and preserving natural ecosystems. Funds for digitalization and innovation will be in demand, including systems for monitoring environmental indicators; technologies aimed at transformation into a circular economy, as well as developments related to reducing the negative impact on soil and water resources, to preserve agricultural land and ensure food security.