The goal is to explore the processes of regulation of integration initiatives and prospects for the development of agrifood sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

Methods – economic-statistical, system approach, comparative analysis, expert-analytical.

Results – the main directions of agricultural policy of interstate interaction of the EAEU member countries are considered. The mutual trade of Kazakhstan with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union, the share of foreign trade turnover and supplies of goods for export, import levels, and export quotas are shown. The authors reveal problems that indicate the low competitiveness of agricultural products in the domestic market of the republic: underdeveloped infrastructure of agro-industrial complex, small-scale agricultural entities, wear and tear of fixed assets, use of land resources that does not give the desired result, insufficient productivity in livestock sector. The authors note a reduction in flour production, sunflower seed processing, and underutilized production capacity of dairy industry enterprises. The situation is the same with production of butter. The article substantiates the need for the spread of food clusters, formation of cross-border integrated structures that allow direct convenient access to the markets of neighboring countries and create conditions for strengthening international trade. In turn, economic growth in these regions contributes to the organization of new jobs, qualitative transformations, optimization of the transport system and competitive advantages of regional economic entities, improving the living standard of the population, and providing a wide range of services.

Conclusions – attention is focused on the importance of Eurasian integration. Proposals are given for the development of the domestic food segment, taking into account the integration potential of the EAEU; it is proposed to organize a joint association of food companies within the Eurasian Economic Union for the effective functioning of specialized production facilities, which will improve the quality of products by reducing production costs, promptly draw up a real balance of supply and demand for agricultural crops, determine the volume of domestic consumption and export potential. Instead of quotas, it is advisable to practice export monitoring. Should be modernize the logistics infrastructure, including on the basis of intermodal transport.

Food security is one of the key components of the country’s economic stability and food supply. A scientific approach to considering this issue requires the search and implementation of effective forms and mechanisms of state regulation and support of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural producers in order to saturate the domestic food market.

The goal is to analyze the current situation and develop measures to strengthen the food security of Kazakhstan.

Methods – analysis, synthesis, establishment of comparative advantage, forecasting, generalization, study of scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists. This scientific research is based on official statistics, analytical information from the World Bank, and indicators presented in the Global Food Security Index.

Results – show the dynamics of production of grain crops, including rice and legumes, the share of food in the republic’s GDP, the innovative activities of enterprises producing food products, the need to create clusters as integrated structures of small producers based on cooperation, optimization of land use and rational use of agricultural land taking into account specialization, formation of a unified electronic database that determines the volumes of food industry products needed for domestic demand, exports, imports, the position of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the ranking of countries in the world in terms of food security.

Conclusions – the authors conclude on the need for an integrated approach to the analysis of the current state and threats to economic security. It is impossible to ensure this without improving social and investment policies, as well as the development and implementation of measures to protect domestic food producers. It is equally important to ensure the realization of the potential of all forms of agricultural entrepreneurship, sustainable development of rural areas, overcoming investment difficulties in agro-industrial production by significantly increasing budget financing, providing affordable longterm lending, improving the system of tax incentives, which will contribute to the realization of the potential of the agricultural sector and meet its own needs , will allow us to become one of the leading exporters of raw materials and food products.

The goal is to analyze the conceptual apparatus of the innovative ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex and develop recommendations for adjusting some terms. Problematic issues of legal regulation of digital technologies in agricultural production are identified and factors that stimulate or negatively affect this process are identified.

Methods – dialectical, abstract-logical, comparative.

Results – an overview of the implementation of the state digitalization policy is presented, an analysis of the current legislation with a view to creating an effective mechanism for digital platforms in agricultural sector. The features of the digital transformation of the republic's agro-industrial complex and prerequisites for the introduction of innovations are shown. It has been established that the digital modernization of the industry has gone through the stages of mechanization, automation, computerization, and the formation of a digital space; characteristics of these stages are given, and the main directions of the new generation of information and communication technologies in the country are outlined. Regulatory legal acts are analyzed.

Conclusions – in order to achieve the required level of competitiveness, the Kazakhstan model of economic development must not only focus on global high-tech developments, but also have its own effective mechanism for introducing them into the practice of agricultural business. The main participants in the digital ecosystem are agricultural producers, processing enterprises, rural residents, and individual entrepreneurs. Its creation will increase the potential of the agro-industrial complex, increase the income of the rural population, and ensure direct supplies of manufactured products to markets. The authors state the need to make changes and additions to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan to consolidate the concepts and adjust the definitions of “digitalization of the agro-industrial complex” and “innovative ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex”, “digital business ecosystem”, “digital economy”.

The goal is to consider the problems of modern enterprise management, including in agricultural sector.

Methods – normative, classification and process approaches.

Results – an interpretation of the concept of “finished products” and its definition in the law on accounting, IFRS standards, tax reporting, economic theory, various standards and classifiers are given. Emphasis is placed on systematization and management of this process in the movement of finished products. The issues of movement of manufactured goods in the form of stocks on the territory of the facility, their classification and tasks of formation in production process in relation to agroindustrial complex are revealed. Attention is also paid to such a stage as inventory. The specifics of accounting in crop production industry and maintaining the optimal size of reserves, as well as providing financing, in particular in agricultural enterprises from the perspective of legislative and regulatory documents, are shown. The supply chain is presented depending on supply and demand. Key points are noted that determine the need for a transition to digital technologies and intelligent systems in agricultural production. The authors state that for effective financial and economic activity of an economic entity, the integration of direct costing for manufactured and sold products, items, control, planning and analysis is required.

Conclusions – in the process of study it is determined that the main direction in a wide range of problems is to minimize various types of costs associated with the acquisition and storage of reserved product resources, use new forecasting methods, increase the level of personnel qualifications, as well as their interest. It is necessary to introduce monitoring of the productive accumulation fund, regular audits, assessment of the cost of its maintenance, and the establishment of partnerships. Inventories are a significant component of working capital, which is due to its role in ensuring the continuity of production and marketing activities of an economic structure and the significant impact of its volume on the effectiveness of the use of capital.

The authors presented a theoretical review of research by foreign scientists on the topic of ecotourism, aimed at clarifying the theoretical aspects of its impact on the economy of rural areas and the social sphere.

The goal is to form the author’s vision of the socio-economic impact of agritourism on the sustainability of rural areas.

To achieve the goal, methods of dialectical, abstract-logical, comparative and content analysis were used.

Results – scientific discussions and exchange of opinions of scientists made it possible to identify the following positive economic features of the development of ecotourism: the formation of the country's GDP, growth in gross added value, increase in foreign exchange earnings, diversification of the rural economy, strengthening of relationships between industries, expansion of markets for local goods and services, modernization of infrastructure, increase employment. Among the social characteristics, one can note the creation of jobs, an increase in the income and well-being of rural residents, the development of social infrastructure and the improvement of rural settlements, improving the quality of labor resources, improving the health of the population of the republic, reconciling the interests of the local community with the interests of the state and business structures, reducing gender inequality, preventing the outflow of people living in rural areas and guaranteeing social stability. In addition, the authors supplemented the effects of rural tourism with an impact on the environment, expressed in changing the situation of villagers, protecting and renewing natural resources and biodiversity, preserving and restoring cultural and historical monuments, observing national traditions, customs, folklore, as well as maintaining traditional forms of economic management.

Conclusions – based on the detailed indicators of each component of ecotourism, its impact on the living standard in rural areas is substantiated.

The goal is to substantiate the current state of agro-industrial complex of the Akmola region, identify the main trends, and determine promising directions for its development.

Methods - economic-statistical, analytical.

Results show the share of gross regional product (GRP) in the gross domestic product of the republic, the dynamics of gross production (GP) of agriculture in the region, the gross harvest and yield of main agricultural crops, the number of livestock and poultry in all categories of farms, including cattle, sheep and goats, pigs, horses and poultry, volumes of meat and milk processing. A comprehensive study made it possible to identify the problems hindering the development of agro-industrial production in the region, these are, first of all, the small-scale production of economic entities, the majority of farmers and personal subsidiary farms in the total volume of gross agricultural output, the low level of processing of raw materials - their low quality, the insufficient level of utilization of processing facilities enterprises.

Conclusions – measures have been proposed to modernize the region’s agro-industrial complex, aimed at the widespread dissemination of agricultural cooperation; development of meat and dairy subcomplexes, processing industry, provision of the population with food products of own production, improvement of state and market regulation of agricultural sectors. The agro-industrial complex also plays a significant social role, solving issues of food supply for the entire country and a certain In addition, it is a guarantor of employment and the main source of income for residents. The effectiveness of its activities contributes to an increase in the number of jobs, an increase in cultivated areas, an increase in the financial stability of manufacturing enterprises, an increase in the volume of product exports and the creation of an export-oriented commodity distribution infrastructure.

The development of entrepreneurship in agricultural sector creates favorable conditions for production of competitive agricultural and food products.

Goal – priority directions for expanding small agricultural businesses are considered – an important factor in providing the population with affordable food, improving the living standards of rural areas and formation of a diverse economy. During the study, methods of comparison, generalization, and a systematic approach were used.

Results – the authors note that the infrastructure for providing services for small businesses is being improved through the creation of a network of agricultural production cooperatives. Land mortgage lending has become widespread, making it possible to solve the problem of the collateral base of small business entities. Destabilizing factors of an external and internal nature have been identified. A number of models that differentiate agricultural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills are identified. The potential of entrepreneurial activity and business environment in agriculture is shown. The role of agritourism and other forms of nonagricultural entrepreneurship is outlined, and emphasis is placed on the ability of entrepreneurs to participate in the production of organic food products.

Conclusions – a trend of increasing social demand for quality business education, business consultations for the growth of professional literacy and competencies has been determined. Further innovative reorientation of small enterprises is associated with their real situation, the existing prerequisites for organization and development, and the specific conditions of functioning in the market. Small agribusiness, as one of the main elements of the economic system of society, is capable of raising the status of social sustainability of the village, supporting the diversification of the economy and its innovative activity. It is necessary to develop measures for effective management of business risks.

The goal is to identify priorities for the creation of a service sector in agriculture, consumer services for the population, production of professional and handicraft products, the development of health-related facilities, promotion of national traditions, and creation of opportunities for wider dissemination of these industries. In order to accelerate the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country's agricultural sector, provide employment to rural residents based on strengthening their socio-economic status, improve life in the region, and eliminate financial deficits, it is necessary to increase the level of provision of agricultural producers with material and technical resources.

Methods – comparative analysis, generalization, systematic approach, SWOT analysis.

Results – the priority directions for the development of small and medium-sized agricultural businesses, public support, imbalances in prices for agricultural products and industrial goods, expansion of market infrastructure, timely execution of mutual payments between farms, the need to limit the growth of costs and large volumes of imports of food products, measures to increase entrepreneurial activity and competitiveness in the regions are shown. A SWOT analysis of the activities of small and medium-sized business entities was carried out. Based on the results of the study, ways to solve the identified problems were proposed. Summarizing the results obtained, conclusions are formulated within the framework of this study. The degree of development of small and medium-sized households affects the saturation of the market with goods, expansion of competition, regulation of employment, and positive social transformations in rural areas. Small agricultural enterprises have untapped entrepreneurial potential, which can be used taking into account the introduction of digital technologies, new equipment, rational organization of labor and management. The experience of the USA, Canada, and France should be widely applied and adapted to domestic realities.

Relevance of the topic: agricultural sector is one of the priority sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The financial policy of the state in the modern stage of agricultural development is aimed at supporting agricultural producers. However, small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises often face financial difficulties and limited access to loans and micro-loans. This article analyzes the current problems of micro lending for agricultural organizations – high interest rates, complex procedures for obtaining borrowed funds and insufficient economic literacy among borrowers.

The goal is to develop measures to improve access for small and medium-sized agricultural businesses to short-term microloans. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to use special programs and tools aimed at assisting entrepreneurs, as well as increase the level of financial education and consulting assistance for potential lenders.

Methods – monographic, economic-statistical, analytical, abstract-logical.

Results – the system of preferential financing by economic sector, factors limiting entrepreneurial activity, and lending conditions for rural residents are shown. The authors offer a number of recommendations to improve the situation, contributing to the expansion of family businesses; promoting gender equality by encouraging women to participate in economic activities; involvement of low-income groups in real economy; creating new jobs; formation of new guidelines in the financial market.

Conclusions – micro lending in the country is not yet sufficiently supported by the necessary regulatory framework. The main standards that microfinance organizations must comply with are the adequacy of their own funds and liquidity. The provision of micro loans is designed to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized agribusiness in rural areas, increase the level of employment of rural residents, and increase their incomes. Joint efforts of the state and business will lead to the development of an effective mechanism for rural microfinance.

The effectiveness of management in agricultural sector of economy largely depends on the effectiveness of management decisions.

The goal is to study the relationship between the linear and nonlinear internal control system (ICS) using the structure of the Committee (COSO) based on the model of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methods – multiple linear regression test. The paradigm of this study is the officials from the head of the farm to the head of the unit.

Results – it has been established that linear and nonlinear relationships in the system control mechanism are characterized by multi-collinear, autocorrelation and heterocedastic testing, which will allow them to be adapted to the agricultural entities of the republic. The predictions were checked before the results of the multiple linear regression tests were obtained. It is shown that each economic entity has its own technological, economic and regional characteristics, which are reflected in the specifics of internal supervision. The authors note that any of its methods represents a template that requires specification, based on the specifics of the enterprise. Horizontal control involves accounting for costs, income and financial results based on developed plans (budgets) for the year with monthly data detailing. Vertical control is the analysis, regulation of expenses and income. The article defines organizational and methodological approaches to the creation and effective functioning of internal control systems in business entities in agricultural sector. To monitor its effective performance, standardization and documentation of procedures is necessary.

Conclusions – the continuous monitoring system allows providing information and analytical support for situational approaches to managing an agricultural enterprise, integrating calculation, analysis, control and planning into a single self-regulatory mechanism, minimizing possible operational and financial risks.

Relevance – one of the main directions of sustainable growth of economy of Kazakhstan is providing the country's population with affordable and high-quality food products.

The goal is to show the current situation, the problems of the food market in the republic, in particular sugar industry, products of which are a component of the consumer basket.

Methods – statistical and analytical research techniques, studying the works of agricultural economists on the problems of development of agro-industrial complex.

Results – the study analyzed the dynamics of changes in the main indicators affecting the volume of sugar beet production, and presented its sown area for 2017-2022. The factors influencing the gross harvest of this crop and the level of sugar production have been identified. Measures have been proposed to improve the situation on the food market and accelerate the development of sugar subcomplex: expansion of sown areas in beetgrowing regions, including sulfur; increasing productivity through the use of high-quality seeds and moisture-saving technologies; strengthening the raw material base; attracting investment in sugar sector; state support in the form of subsidies and preferential loans to agricultural producers; modernization of material and technical resources of sugar factories, in particular irrigation systems, introduction of modern innovative technological schemes for breeding work and seed production.

Conclusions – sugar industry, especially its beet component, requires close attention from the perspective of strategic management, improvement and increasing the stability of its functioning. To stabilize and protect the domestic market, it is necessary to study the issues of establishing a minimum level of prices for the import of white sugar and low retail (marginal) prices. Recommendations for expanding the cultivation of sugar beets will help reduce import dependence and saturate the domestic market.

The goal is an economic assessment of the development of grain market using the example of grain-growing regions of Kazakhstan and development of recommendations.

Methods – bibliometric, comparative, graphical, statistical, generalization and system analysis.

Results – it has been determined that in the unstable conditions of the development of the world economy, production and access to grain products become important to ensure food security; a thematic review of literature sources on the efficiency of growing grain crops was made, where the authors focus on government support for farmers, the use of digital technologies, increasing yields, and achieving the competitiveness of agricultural producers. Factors affecting the collection and export of grain in the republic have been identified. A ranking of the influx of investment in agriculture in the regional context of the country was carried out. The socio-economic indicators of the development of the real sector of economy of the Kostanay, North Kazakhstan and Akmola regions, which have the most significant grain potential, are considered. Indicators of grain production in this region over the past 10 years have been analyzed in dynamics. The level of change in the main parameters affecting the volume of gross grain harvest was calculated using the example of regional grain farms. The reasons for the negative deviation and positive trend in production of grain crops in Kazakhstan's grain-growing regions have been identified. Directions for increasing efficiency, competitiveness and grain exports are proposed.

Conclusions – the existence of favorable conditions at the regional level for grain industry is substantiated on the basis of state subsidies for the construction of transport infrastructure, the influx of foreign investors, digitalization and introduction of innovations in the agro-industrial complex. It is necessary to reduce high infrastructure and logistics costs, increase the level of exchange trading, and increase investment.

Quinoa is a still little-known grain herbaceous plant in Kazakhstan, which, under optimal weather and temperature conditions, can reach a yield of 11 t/ha, with an average yield of 6-8 tons per hectare.

The goal is to show, based on a review of scientific works, the importance and possibilities of growing this crop in Kazakhstan.

Methods – dialectical, economic and comparative analysis. Statistical information on pricing policy is provided. The analytical base consisted of publications of domestic scientists on food security and foreign researchers and periodical sources about this annual plant.

Results the authors revealed the possibilities of its use in various sectors of agro-industrial complex, and also considered the prospects for cultivation, storage, delivery and sales, and pricing policy.

Conclusions – quinoa has great potential for expanding its use by domestic producers. The authors see the promotion of this product in the republic in effective state support of agricultural sector at the initial stages of the development of such a dietary crop. There is an opportunity to achieve significant results in the short and long term. The possibility of its wide distribution and economic benefits have been determined. The article identifies ways to solve the food problem through the cultivation of quinoa for on-farm needs, as well as providing access to new markets. The authors note the increased interest of quinoa crop as an unconventional raw ingredient for the Kazakh consumer when creating multicomponent recipes, which is justified by its high nutritional value.

Providing the population of Kazakhstan with dairy products is the main task of the dairy subcomplex. The existing potential and experience in the development of the industry not only make it possible to satisfy domestic needs, but also contribute to the implementation of export-oriented production.

The goal is to review the market for milk and dairy products in the republic, study the current situation, and identify the main problems.

Methods – abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Official data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan was used as an information base.

Results – the main directions of development of agri-food segment are shown. The main indicators of the dairy sector are analyzed: assortment, per capita consumption in the regional reserve, consumer and retail price index. The authors note a number of specific features inherent in food markets in general, which depend on natural and climatic conditions, the relationship of production and economic processes with biological ones, the seasonality of production and sales, which causes uneven use of labor and equipment, material resources, as well as fluctuations in receipt of income, high share of labor costs in the pricing structure, limited supply of raw materials for obtaining finished dairy products, correlation of the quality of the final product, terms and conditions of storage, and transportation. The dynamics of production of the main types of products over the past five years is considered. Emphasis is placed on the reasons hindering the development of the dairy market: a reduction in the number of cows in agricultural enterprises and private farms in the village, a high level of wear and tear on equipment, and the lack of effective connections between commodity producers of raw materials and their processors, which leads to rising prices in the food market. Conclusions the increase in the cost of dairy products over the past three years leads to a decrease in consumption and production in the traditional dairy processing industry.

The goal is to monitor the current state and prospects of the oil and fat subcomplex of the East Kazakhstan region, to determine the reasons that impede its development.

Methods – balance sheet, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, monographic.

Results – using the example of the Eastern region, oilseed production and the fat and oil industry have been analyzed over the past five years. Sectoral, regional, socio-economic aspects of the functioning of the oil and fat industry are considered. The sown areas, yields, gross harvest of the main oilseeds (soybeans, sunflower, safflower, rapeseed, flax), volumes of fat and oil products, use of the average annual production capacity of enterprises for the production of vegetable oils are shown. Based on the study, factors reducing the rate of intensification of the oil and fat subcomplex were identified. The main ones are the reduction in crop area, gross output, lack of raw materials and, as a result, the low level of processing.

Conclusions – it is necessary to take a set of measures to stabilize the market for oilseeds and processed products in the Eastern region of the country, providing agricultural sector with government assistance in the form of subsidies and loans without collateral at low interest rates; establishing a duty on the export of sunflower seeds for a longer period; formation of integrated structures; creation of advanced training centers for agricultural producers on the basis of research institutes and universities in the East Kazakhstan region. Solving the issues related to expanding the activities of oil and fat enterprises and supplying the population of the region with oil and fat products in the required quantities is one of the main tasks of the state. It is necessary to use innovative approaches to the technological process, the implementation of which will make it possible to produce a high-quality environmentally friendly food product that is in demand in the domestic and foreign markets.

The goal is to study the best world practices of legislative and public support for organic farming for use in domestic conditions for the formation and development of the organic sector.

Widely practiced methods analysis and synthesis of international competencies, mainly from the countries of the European Union, scientific abstraction in substantiating the most important aspects of promoting organic agriculture were used. The analogy method was used to compare global statistical indicators of the organic segment in the EU, Europe and the world.

Results – it is confirmed that the best legislative and practical experience in supporting the organic market is in the EU countries. The motives for the transition of farming to organic technologies related to the expansion of domestic and foreign markets for environmentally friendly food products have been identified. It has been determined that the current rates of land involvement in organic production, improvement of infrastructure and market institutions in the republic are insufficient to harness the potential of green farming and create a competitive market. The need is substantiated and measures are proposed to optimize the legislative and regulatory framework of the organic sector in accordance with changing trends. It is proposed to adjust the concept of development of the agro-industrial complex by including organic agriculture in a priority industry and identifying its key indicators until 2030.

Conclusions – the study showed that high growth rates of green production and the market for organic products are inherent in countries where governments have initiated a public policy of protectionism for organic producers: the presence of legislation, an action plan, and a public support system. The updated law, harmonized with international standards, will effectively affect production in Kazakhstan.

The action of the law of supply and demand for labor is reflected in wages and reveals the discrepancy between jobs and the composition of workers in terms of quantitative and qualitative parameters. The ongoing processes are related to the demographic situation, territorial characteristics, sectoral structure of the economy and other factors that serve as the basis for studying the labor market through segmentation.

The goal is to assess the current situation in the field of labor resources, identify patterns and develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of their functioning.

Methods – analysis and synthesis, systemic approach, economic and statistical (comparative analysis, relative and average values, comparison). To determine the strategic directions of state policy to increase employment and reduce the number of unemployed rural people, the method of generalizations was used.

Results – the degree of development of this topic in the works of Kazakhstani and foreign scientists, the current state and features of functioning of the labor market in rural areas of the republic, employment and unemployment indicators in rural areas by age groups and level of education in dynamics were studied. Particular attention is paid to employment in agricultural production, which provides more than 32% of jobs. Measures are proposed to increase the attractiveness of rural areas for living and ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the rural labor market.

Conclusions – the implementation of the measures considered will significantly increase the well-being of residents, socio-economic stability in society, and food security in the country. It is necessary to improve the activities of labor relations institutions, including information support, as well as expand the scope of entrepreneurship.

The goal is to analyze the features of the formation and development of human capital in agricultural sector of economy.

Methods – economic-statistical, factorial, comparative analysis, generalization of results.

Results – the authors note that production of goods and services depends not only on technical means, but also on the knowledge, skills, moral conditions and behavior of the workers. Therefore, human resources related to skills, experience, health, cultural values, and competencies are of great importance. Currently, the social and living conditions of people in rural areas lag significantly behind those in urban areas. There is a shortage of personnel, an outflow of population to cities, and the reluctance of young people to live and work in the countryside due to low wages, production and living conditions. There is also a need for comprehensive mechanization, informatization and digitalization of agricultural production. These processes require highly qualified specialists who have skills in modern techniques and technologies.

Conclusions – it is proposed to develop a concept for the development of human capital in agriculture by clarifying the goals of the organizational and managerial, financial and economic, technical and technological, legal, motivational, and social aspects of this mechanism. The authors reveal the main characteristics and principles of effective use of intellectual capital in agricultural sector. The directions for its optimization by increasing employment of the rural population and enhancing investment support have been determined. Based on the identified problems, further prospects for increasing human potential are shown to ensure the competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers and as the main driving factor in the development of an innovative economy and the strengthening of globalization processes.

In the context of sustainable development of rural areas, the level and quality of life of the population were considered as key aspects of socio-economic stability as the main components of the resource potential of agriculture. The article reflects the state of human capital, in particular the rural population, based on the Human Development Index (HDI).

The goal is to analyze the influence of the “quality of life” factor on the formation of a socio-economic business model.

Methods – comparative, statistical, normative analysis, based on the principles of scientific objectivity and consistency, used research materials of domestic scientists to find ways and means of integrating human, agro-ecological, social and market factors to build the most economically and sociologically favorable rural paradigm, taking into account modern conditions.

Results – the dynamics of the criteria included in the HDI index for 2010-2022 was studied, and a comparative description was given. The significance of the integral indicator of the human development index has been revealed. Among the regions, preferable and prosperous ones for rural residents have been identified. Positive trends in the labor market and the vector of qualitative transformations in the processing sector and service sector are shown. However, as the authors note, employment of employable people in rural areas remains low.

Conclusions – to increase the level of human capital, it is necessary to move to a socially attractive model of development of rural areas, based on the effective activities of peasant (private) farms and agricultural cooperatives, which in turn will attract young people to the village. Governmental structures should solve the problem conforming the supply and demand of qualified specialists in agriculture through measures such as systemic reorientation among school students, activities to raise the image of blue-collar professions, improving standards and improving educational programs for training graduates of agricultural educational institutions; solving social problems of villagers; creating conditions for attracting and retaining specialists in rural areas, increasing their mobility and flexibility. The parameters used to calculate the human development index determine the optimal trajectories of socio-economic and environmental-demographic development.

One of the priority directions for the development of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is solving the small-scale nature of agricultural production by combining small farms into agricultural cooperatives and creating infrastructure in the system of promoting products from producer to consumer. However, the benefits of cooperative principles and potential reserves have not yet been fully realized; their role and importance in the socio-economic development of the country is underestimated.

The goal is to analyze the current state of agricultural cooperatives in the republic and scientifically substantiate the mechanism of influence on the quality of life of the rural population.

Methods – economic-statistical, abstract-logical, comparative analysis, systematization.

Results – an analysis of the expansion of the sphere of cooperation in dynamics for 2018-2022 and state programs on development of rural settlements was carried out. Their role in regulating economic, social, demographic problems and improving the well-being of villagers is shown. The main unfavorable factors hindering the cooperation process are considered: weak degree of financial control over compliance with its requirements, the absence of collateral or its illiquidity.

Conclusions – рeasant (private) farms and personal subsidiary plots play a decisive role in supplying rural residents with food. Agricultural cooperation helps improve the economic conditions of agricultural producers, promotes the efficient and rational use of industry resources, provides material and technical assistance to farmers, manages risks, and provides an opportunity to enter international markets with an increase in export volumes. However, the criteria that determine the incentives for participation in the cooperative movement from the position of its potential participants, which include the population of rural areas as subjects of the regional labor market, have not been sufficiently studied: these are, first of all, the level and sources of income, the availability of livestock, and family composition. The tasks of the active state policy aimed at strengthening agriculture and the processing industry are not feasible without new integration formations.

The goal is to identify and specify the stages of formation and development of geographic information systems (GIS) in agriculture, used to improve the efficiency of agricultural land.

Methods – system analysis, monographic, statistical, economic, classification, grouping, logical generalization.

Results – the author shows the problems of disseminating technologies that are geographically linked in the agricultural sector abroad and in Kazakhstan. The stages of cartography, remote sensing of the earth, organizational work to collect information on the biodiversity of the territory of foreign countries, starting from laboratories, then computer programming until the end of the cycle are outlined. Natural and climatic factors that influence the composition and change in the size of the land fund of the republic, in particular agricultural lands, are considered. Negative land management processes, the presence of a large amount of disturbed land resulting from industrial production, and the existence of anthropogenic pollution that worsen soil fertility are highlighted.

Conclusions – the need for wide dissemination of GIS for the rational use of land resources arose during the monitoring and assessment of soil characteristics, the need to determine the forecast level of yield, water management, spatial planning and production decision-making. The argument for the use of GIS technologies is the modern land policy of the state, aimed at creating a rational balance between the sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex and the preservation of natural potential in order to improve living conditions in rural areas. Geographic information systems contribute to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises and optimizing its costs. Digital cartographic products are increasingly found in the practice of intensively developing farms.

The goal is to find ways to solve problems of pasture use in Kazakhstan using GIS technologies; conduct monitoring of pastures based on remote sensing of land (ERS); identify the condition of pasture lands using the NDVI index.

Methods – analytical, economic-static, monographic, abstract-logical.

Results – space monitoring was carried out, their degradation was assessed using remote sensing based on images received from the Planet satellite through the portal https://www.planet.com/. It has been established that pastures in the category of agricultural lands account for 45.1%, reserve lands 66.6 million hectares, which can be considered as a reserve for agricultural use. The cultural and technical level of pasture lands is characterized by the indicators of overgrazing, stoniness, forest cover and bush cover. Based on the research, it was concluded that used pasture lands are located mainly around rural settlements (Rural Settlements). Grazing of livestock on remote and distant pastures is impossible due to the lack of pasture infrastructure. As a result, pasture lands near the RS are under excessive pressure, which leads to a reduction in the number of livestock and, accordingly, livestock products. The analysis showed that since 2012, the total area of pasture land in reserve lands has decreased by 20 thousand hectares and increased in the category of agricultural land.

Conclusions – pasture land use requires a revision of the institutional framework for pasture management. Competence on these issues must be transferred from district executive bodies to local government. It has been determined that due to non-compliance with animal grazing standards, pastures are trampled, resulting in a decrease in their productivity and a decrease in size. An effective tool is a system of remote monitoring of pastures, combined with ground surveys of land. This, in turn, allows us to objectively assess the condition of pasture lands at various scales. The republic has a huge potential of natural pastures, which is not sufficiently used to create a sustainable food supply and obtain environmentally friendly and cheap livestock products.