Blockchain technologies in the AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan: potential and implementation mechanisms

The objective - is to identify the systemic barriers to digital transformation and substantiate ways to overcome them through decentralized data management systems in crop production and livestock farming.

Methods – content analysis of global practices for the period 2023–2025 was conducted, and information from state programs and pilot projects on asset tokenization and digital product traceability in the republic was structured to understand current trends and systematize both international and domestic experience.

Results – a comprehensive assessment of the integration of blockchain technology into the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out, and the main mechanisms for implementing distributed ledger technologies were identified, including the automation of agricultural insurance through meteorological oracles and smart contracts. The feasibility of using a Private Blockchain architecture to maintain a balance between audit transparency and the protection of the commercial confidentiality of agricultural holdings was confirmed. The potential of product «digital passports» for verifying «Halal» and «Organic» standards was demonstrated, which is critical for strengthening the country’s export position. The study also presents the synergy between blockchain and IoT solutions for the precise monitoring of carbon footprints within the framework of the Net-Zero strategy. The possibility of digitizing grain warehouse receipts in the Kostanay Region as a tool for reducing transaction costs was examined.

Conclusions – the study demonstrates that the application of hybrid blockchain models effectively minimizes information asymmetry and eliminates inefficient intermediary links in agribusiness. The authors theoretically substantiate the necessity of developing a national agrarian blockchain ecosystem as a key element of the country's infrastructure. This digital solution ensures impeccable legal integrity in the registration of land ownership rights and fully automates the process of allocating state budget subsidies. A broad range of opportunities and prospects for cryptographic protocols in the context of mitigating institutional risks is demonstrated, significantly enhancing the long-term investment attractiveness of Kazakhstan’s agrarian sector at the international level. 

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