The role of the digital economy in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan

The objective is to scientifically substantiate the importance of the digital economy as a key factor in the strategic transformation of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan in the con text of Industry 4.0, aimed at increasing productivity, strengthening food security, and enhancing competitiveness. Methods include the abstract-logical method for generalizing theoretical provisions of agricultural digitalization and identifying development patterns, comparative analysis of time series for monitoring changes in indicators for 2010–2024, and system synthesis for integrating economic, technological, and institutional components into a holistic model of digital transformation. Results based on panel data for 2010–2024 examine issues of technological modernization in agriculture based on new digital competencies and innovative solutions. International experience in implementing high-tech management mechanisms is systematized. A comprehensive assessment of the level of digital development of the agro-industrial complex of the republic is provided. Despite an increase in gross output to 8.3 trillion tenge, the share of technological services remains critically low (0.17%). The potential of precision agriculture tools, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data technologies is demonstrated. Prospects of the “service digitalization” model, which al lows small and medium-sized farms to reduce costs through IT outsourcing, are substantiated. Financial and economic practices of sector transformation are analyzed, including leasing of next generation equipment, preferential lending, and digital insurance instruments for agricultural risks. Conclusions show that the integration of information technologies optimizes the balance of supply and demand and ensures transparency of value chains. It is proven that long-term stability of agroindustrial production is impossible without forming a new effective concept of agricultural education and investment in human capital

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