State support of agricultural entities as a factor in increasing human capital

In the context of structural transformations in the agricultural sector, state support for agricultural entities is gaining particular importance as a factor in the development of the labor potential of rural areas. The stable transformation of the rural economy is impossible without the effective use of labor resources, increased employment, and the creation of conditions for the selfrealization of the rural population. The relevance of the study is increasing against the background of migration outflow, a shortage of qualified personnel, and the need to update the material and technical base, which requires coordinated economic and socio-infrastructural solutions. The objective is to analyze the impact of state stimulation of agricultural structures on the growth of human capital in rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods include a review of scientific publications, statistical data processing, comparative and structural analysis of the effectiveness of state regulation measures and the determination of the practical value of the functioning of agricultural entities, as well as generalization of the results of applied research on this topic. The results show that in 2011–2024, the number of peasant (farm) households increased by 62.4%, while household farms decreased by 27%, reflecting structural shifts in agrarian business. Subsidies, preferential lending, and leasing programs support investment activity, contribute to technological re-equipment, strengthen cooperative movements, and expand employment, including the creation of jobs in related activities. At the same time, a high level of wear and tear of agricultural machinery and equipment (about 80%) reduces labor productivity and increases the need for technical modernization. The Conclusions confirm that state support oriented toward innovative changes, improvement of collective forms of work, reform of transport and digital infrastructure, and the development of urban–rural agglomeration links increases professional opportunities in rural areas, improves the balance of the agricultural sector, and makes rural areas attractive for young specialists

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