Adaptation of agriculture to climate change

Climate change is one of the global environmental and socio-economic problems. In recent decades, significant impacts have been exerted by the increase in greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere, global warming, and the growing frequency of natural disasters, which directly affect many sectors, including agriculture, as they pose a threat of reduced productivity and deterioration of land fertility. The purpose is a comprehensive study of the dynamics of carbon emissions and the determination of the impact of hydrometeorological phenomena on the performance and stability of the agrarian sector. Methods — analysis and synthesis, and the economic-statistical method to identify indicators of adaptation of agro-industrial production to various climatic conditions. The empirical basis of the research consists of data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan on annual precipitation for 2019–2023, as well as information on carbon dioxide emissions for 2020–2024. Results indicate the relevance of introducing climate-resilient methods into AIC production processes, effective land resource management practices, and a multi-faceted approach to addressing food security challenges. The conceptual model reflects climate transformation and the effects of social and economic factors on the agrarian sphere and food systems, and demonstrates their interconnection and interdependence. This concept serves as a practical basis for developing strategies to enhance adaptability and optimize the agro-industrial complex. Conclusions – the established facts correspond to the Sustainable Development Goals (poverty eradication, combating adverse climate impacts, and environmental protection) and are aimed at creating reliable prospects for food provision.

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