Budget Financing of Research and Development Work in the Agricultural Sector of Kazakhstan

Objective – to study the dynamics and structure of budget financing for research and development (R&D) work in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2021–2025, and to evaluate its impact on innovative activity and the commercialization of scientific developments, including the identification of institutional factors restricting the effective use of budget funds. Methods – the study is based on the application of systemic, comparative, and structural analysis to summarize and interpret statistical information. Diagnostics of optimal volumes of budget investments in R&D were carried out taking into account economic, technological, and social indicators. The empirical base consisted of scientific publications, periodical literature materials, regulatory legal acts, state programs for the development of science and the AIC, as well as reporting data from government agencies. Results – existing mechanisms of state support for research activities of a scientific profile in the agricultural sector were examined, alongside structural elements, composition, and changes in budget expenditure on R&D. Theoretical approaches to monitoring the performance of budget allocations and the commercial implementation of results in the sphere of knowledge and education were substantiated. Based on the implementation of state programs, specific features of financial resource distribution and their impact on the innovative development of agro-industrial production were determined. It is noted that a weak link between financing and the final effect reduces the return on implemented projects and limits possibilities for their subsequent adoption. Conclusions – it was established that the practical value of state investment in R&D largely depends on the institutional environment and the level of interaction between scientific organizations and the production sector. The necessity of improving technology transfer mechanisms, enhancing the practical orientation of academic research, and strengthening partnerships between research institutions and agribusiness was shown.

1. Miao, R., Ulucak, R. & Zilberman, D. (2024). Public Agricultural Research, Political Economy, and Climate Change: A Literature Review. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46 (3), 954–982. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13455 [in English].

2. Kaliev, G.A. & Moldashev, A.B. (2021). Voprosy prodovol’stvennoj bezopasnosti Kazahstana [Food security issues in Kazakhstan]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 4, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.01 [in Russian].

3. Alibekova, V., Abildaev, S. & Shaldarbekova, K. (2023). Analysis of Features of Investment Attractiveness of Agriculture in Kazakhstan. Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies, 67 (2), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v2i67.296 [in English].

4. Sharipov, A.K., Seisekenova, M.B. & Sartanova, N.T. (2024). Finansovaja podderzhka sel’skohozjajstvennyh kooperativov v Respublike Kazahstan [Financial support of agricultural cooperatives in the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 3, 160–165 [in Russian].

5. Lemeshchenko, O.V., Nakipova, G.N. & Belkina, E.N. (2021). Analiticheskie aspekty gosudarstvennoj finansovoj podderzhki agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Kazahstana [Analytical aspects of state financial support for the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan]. Vestnik universiteta “Turan” - Bulletin of Turan University, 3, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-3-101-107 [in Russian].

6. Van der Heijden, J. (2024). Unravelling Programme Success and Complex Causation in Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D): A Systematic and Comprehensive Literature Review. Agricultural Systems, 215, Article 103851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103851 [in English].

7. Zhan, J., Ma, Y., Hu, W., Chen, C. & Lu, Q. (2022). Enhancing Rural Income Through Public Agricultural R&D: Spatial Spillover and Infrastructure Thresholds. Review of Development Economics, 26, 1083–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12872 [in English].

8. Letty, B.A., Hart, T.G.B., Murugan, S., Naidoo, T., Rai, S., Thiam, D., Zake, J. & Annor-Frempong, S.I. (2022). A Critical Comparative Review of Evidence on Alternative Instruments for Supporting Research and Innovation in Agri-food Systems in the Global South. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, Article 1013156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1013156 [in English].

9. Lukhmanova, G.K., Syzdykbayeva, N.B., Baibulekova, L.A., Abdykalyk, S.E. & Seidakhmetova, A.A. (2023). Food security assessment in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9 (4), 1337–1342. https://doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.4(34).21 [in English].

10. Prasad, P.V.V., Bhatnagar, N., Jacob, G., Narayan, K., Echeverria, R., Beintema, N., Farah Cox, P. & Compton, J. (2023). Patterns of investment in agricultural research and innovation for the Global South, with a focus on sustainable agricultural intensification. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1108949. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1108949 [in English].

11. Aitkazina, M.A. & Karshalova, A.D. (2022). Osobennosti finansirovanija agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Respubliki Kazahstan [Features of financing the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 3, 66–72 [in Russian].

12. Kapvlozhenija v sfere APK dostigli 981 mlrd. tenge [Capital investments in the agro-industrial complex reached 981 billion tenge] (2024). Available at: https://www.kapital.kz/economic/122623/kapvlozheniya-v-sfere-apk-dostigli-981-mlrd-tenge.html (date of access: 15.06.2026) [in Russian].

13. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ agroönerkäsıptık keshenın damytudyñ 2021 – 2030 jyldarğa arnalğan tūjyrymdamasyn bekitu turaly [On approval of the Concept for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2030] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000960 (date of access: 15.06.2026) [in Kazakh].

14. Do 2025 goda planiruetsja realizovat’ 800 investproektov v APK [By 2025, it is planned to implement 800 investment projects in the agro-industrial complex] (2022). Available at: https://www.kapital.kz/economic/111320/do-2025-goda-planiruyet-syarealizovat-800-investproyektov-v-apk.html (date of access: 15.06.2026) [in Russian].

15. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ agroönerkäsıptık keshenın damytu jönındegı 2021 – 2025 jyldarğa arnalğan ūlttyq jobany bekitu turaly [On approval of the National project for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2025] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000732 (date of access: 15.06.2026) [in Kazakh].