Implementation of 3D Cadastre in Kazakhstan: International Experience, Challenges, Priorities

Objective – to consider the possibilities of implementing a three-dimensional cadastre in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account international experience, existing technological solutions, and regulatory aspects. To achieve this goal, the theoretical foundations of the 3D cadastre, methods of economically developed states, and the current state of the republic’s cadastral mechanism were reviewed, and recommendations for implementing a three-dimensional cadastral model across all land categories were presented, with a priority role assigned to agricultural land. Methods – monographic method in studying world practice of applying the 3D cadastral approach; analytical – to compare various cadastral management mechanisms, identify shortcomings and advantages; cartographic – when identifying patterns and interrelationships of phenomena in the process of monitoring, processing, and modeling geospatial data from various maps; statistical – to collect and systematize land-cadastral information. Results – during the research, foreign examples of using a three-dimensional structure of cadastral regulation were summarized, key factors for transitioning to a geometric cadastre were determined, and prospects for using a 3D cadastral registration scheme in Kazakhstan were shown; a SWOT analysis was conducted. Special attention is paid to the phased integration of spatial data, digital technologies, and the regulatory framework to ensure the effective functioning of the 3D cadastral format. It was established that the existing information system, the Unified State Cadastre of Real Estate, with its resources and developed infrastructure network, will serve as the foundation for the further transition to a 3D cadastre. Conclusions – the creation of a 3D cadastre must be carried out in stages, without destroying the existing cadastral administration framework, alongside improving current legislation and other areas related to the cadastre. Conclusions – as a result of the scientific inquiry, the author’s interpretation of building a 3D spatial land accounting model in the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented, and conclusions are substantiated.

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