<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agroprob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы агрорынка</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of AgriMarket</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1817-728X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-9991</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46666/2026-3.2708-9991.07</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agroprob-2635</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономический механизм хозяйствования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The economic mechanism of management</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эколого-экономический потенциал получения биогаза из биологических остатков молочного животноводства в Казахстане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecological and Economic Potential of Biogas Production from Dairy Cattle Biological Residues in Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-0624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельгибаева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belgibayeva</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельгибаева Анаргуль Сарсенбаевна; кандидат экономических наук, ассоциированный профессор; профессор кафедры «Бизнеса и услуг»</p><p>020000 ул.Абая, 76, г.Кокшетау, Казахстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belgibayeva Anargul; Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associated Professor; Professor of the Department of Business and Services</p><p>020000 Abay str., 76, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anar.belgibayeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жапарова</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhaparova</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жапарова Саягуль Бекетовна; кандидат технических наук, ассоциированный профессор; ассоциированный профессор кафедры «Горное дело, строительство и экология»</p><p>020000 ул.Абая, 76, г.Кокшетау, Казахстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhaparova Sayagul; Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associated Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Construction and Ecology</p><p>020000 Abay str., 76, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhaparova.saya77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-3722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турлыбекова</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turlybekova</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турлыбекова Камила Ербулановна; докторант Ph.D</p><p>020000 ул.Абая, 76, г.Кокшетау, Казахстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Turlybekova Kamila; Ph.D student</p><p>020000 Abay str., 76, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamila.bakitzhanova1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кокшетауский университет имени Ш. Уалиханова</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бельгибаева А.С., Жапарова С.Б., Турлыбекова К.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бельгибаева А.С., Жапарова С.Б., Турлыбекова К.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belgibayeva A., Zhaparova S., Turlybekova K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2635">https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2635</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – определить эколого-экономические предпосылки, перспективы и сдерживающие факторы производства биогаза из отходов молочного животноводства в Казахстане. Методы – контент-анализ публикаций по данной проблематике использован для систематизации современных представлений о технологиях анаэробного сбраживания и направлениях применения продуктов из газообразного биотоплива; принцип сравнения и синтеза – при сопоставлении показателей выработки молока, образования органических биологических остатков и оценки возможностей их задействования как ресурсной базы для выпуска биоэнергетического газа, обобщении экологических и экономических преимуществ переработки навоза на молочно-товарных фермах; суммирование итогов – для обоснования векторов распространения биогазовых систем в условиях перехода к циркулярной экономике. Результаты – выявлено, что потенциальный объем отработанных материалов зависит не только от поголовья КРС, но и структуры молочного стада, особенностей организации производственного процесса, способа удаления и хранения навозной массы. Отмечается, что численность скота по категориям субъектов хозяйствования имеет существенное значение для характеристики содержания и разведения животных. Показано, что в структуре животноводческой отрасли преобладают хозяйства населения и крестьянские (фермерские) хозяйства, на долю которых приходится почти 90% общего количества крупного рогатого скота, что усложняет сбор и транспортировку навозного субстрата и снижает эффективность его централизованной переработки. Установлено, что потенциал генерации экотоплива в республике в связи с существованием территориальной неоднородности развития молочного животноводства целесообразно рассматривать дифференцировано. На основе полученных результатов сделаны выводы о текущем состоянии и предпосылках построения циркулярной модели аграрного производства, позволяющей обеспечить оптимальное ресурсопотребление, получение дополнительной прибыли и сокращение экологической нагрузки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research Objective – to determine the ecological and economic prerequisites, prospects, and constraining factors of biogas production from dairy farming waste in Kazakhstan. Methods – content analysis of publications on this topic was used to systematize modern views on anaerobic digestion technologies and application directions for products derived from gaseous biofuels; the principle of comparison and synthesis – when comparing indicators of milk production, organic biological residue formation, and assessing opportunities for using them as a resource base for bioenergy gas production, summarizing the environmental and economic benefits of manure processing at dairy farms; summation of results – to substantiate vectors for the dissemination of biogas systems in the context of transition to a circular economy. Results – it was revealed that the potential volume of waste materials depends not only on cattle population, but also on the structure of the dairy herd, specifics of production process organization, and methods of manure removal and storage. It is noted that livestock numbers by categories of economic entities are of significant importance for characterizing animal housing and breeding. It is shown that households and peasant (farm) holdings predominate in the structure of the livestock sector, accounting for almost 90 % of total cattle numbers, which complicates the collection and transportation of manure substrate and reduces the efficiency of its centralized processing. It is established that due to territorial heterogeneity in dairy farming development, the potential for ecofuel generation in the republic should be considered differentially. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were drawn regarding the current state and prerequisites for constructing a circular model of agricultural production, enabling optimal resource consumption, generation of additional profit, and reduction of environmental burden.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>молочное животноводство</kwd><kwd>агроформирования</kwd><kwd>молочно-товарные фермы</kwd><kwd>поголовье скота</kwd><kwd>биогаз</kwd><kwd>органические отходы</kwd><kwd>анаэробное сбраживание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agriculture</kwd><kwd>dairy cattle farming</kwd><kwd>agricultural entities</kwd><kwd>dairy farms</kwd><kwd>livestock population</kwd><kwd>biogas</kwd><kwd>organic waste</kwd><kwd>anaerobic digestion</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">this research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under IRN BR28712213 “Enhancing Productivity and Ecologization of Dairy Farms through the Intensification and Digitalization of Feed Production, Crop Production, and Rational Resource Utilization to Improve the Akmola Region Economic and Environmental Sustainability” (2025–2027).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under IRN BR28712213 “Enhancing Productivity and Ecologization of Dairy Farms through the Intensification and Digitalization of Feed Production, Crop Production, and Rational Resource Utilization to Improve the Akmola Region Economic and Environmental Sustainability” (2025–2027).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soteriades, A.D. Maintaining production while reducing local and global environmental emissions in dairy farming / A.D.Soteriades, A.Foskolos, D.Styles, J.M.Gibbons // Journal of Environmental Management.- 2020.-Vol. 272.- Article 111054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soteriades, A.D., Foskolos, A., Styles, D. &amp; Gibbons, J.M. (2020). Maintaining production while reducing local and global environmental emissions in dairy farming. Journal of Environmental Management, 272, 111054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111054 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Köninger, J. Briones Manure management and soil biodiversity: towards more sustainable food systems in the EU / J. Köninger, E. Lugato, P. Panagos, M. Kochupillai, A. Orgiazzi, M.J.I. Briones // Agricultural System.- 2021.- Vol. 194.- Article 103251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Köninger, J., Lugato, E., Panagos, P., Kochupillai, M., Orgiazzi, A. &amp; Briones, M.J.I. (2021). Manure management and soil biodiversity: towards more sustainable food systems in the EU. Agricultural Systems, 194, 103251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moltames, R. Assessment of potential sites for biogas production plants from domestic, agricultural, and livestock waste / R. Moltames, Y. Noorollahi, H. Yousefi, B. Azizimehr, A. Naseri // Fuel Communications.- 2025.-Vol. 22.- Article 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2024.100132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moltames, R., Noorollahi, Y., Yousefi, H., Azizimehr, B. &amp; Naseri, A. (2025). Assessment of potential sites for biogas production plants from domestic, agricultural, and livestock waste. Fuel Communications, 22, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2024.100132 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, Y. Cao Biogas energy generated from livestock manure in China: current situation and future trends / Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Li, J.G. Lin, N. Zhang // Journal of Environmental Management.- 2021.- Vol. 297.- Article 113324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Lin, J.G. &amp; Zhang, N. (2021). Biogas energy generated from livestock manure in China: current situation and future trends. Journal of Environmental Management, 297, 113324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113324 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, B. Alkaline anaerobic digestion of livestock manure: unveiling mechanisms, applications, and perspective / B. Chen, S. Azman, R. Dewil, L. Appels // Chemical Engineering Journal.- 2023.- Vol. 477.- Article 146852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, B., Azman, S., Dewil, R. &amp; Appels, L. (2023). Alkaline anaerobic digestion of livestock manure: unveiling mechanisms, applications, and perspective. Chemical Engineering Journal, 477, 146852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146852 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlando, M.Q. Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review / M.Q. Orlando, V.M. Borja // Energies.- 2020.- Vol.13.- Issue 14.- Article 3573. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlando, M.Q. &amp; Borja, V.M. (2020). Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review. Energies, 13 (14), 3573. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143573 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li, Y. Strategies to boost anaerobic digestion performance of cow manure: laboratory achievements and their full-scale application potential / Y. Li, J. Zhao, J. Krooneman, G.J.W. Euverink // Science of the Total Environment.- 2021.- Vol.755.- Article 142940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, Y., Zhao, J., Krooneman, J. &amp; Euverink, G.J.W. (2021). Strategies to boost anaerobic digestion performance of cow manure: laboratory achievements and their full-scale application potential. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 142940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142940 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, M.E. Biogas digestate as a renewable fertilizer: effects of digestate application on crop growth and nutrient composition / M.E. Lee, M.W. Steiman, S. St. Angelo // Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems.- 2021.- Vol.36.- Issue 2.- P.173-181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170520000186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, M.E., Steiman, M.W. &amp; St. Angelo, S. (2021). Biogas digestate as a renewable fertilizer: effects of digestate application on crop growth and nutrient composition. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 36 (2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170520000186 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valentinuzzi, F. The fertilising potential of manure-based biogas fermentation residues: pelleted vs. liquid digestate / F. Valentinuzzi, L. Cavani, C. Porfido, R. Terzano, Y. Pii, S. Cesco, C. Marzadori, T. Mimmo // Heliyon.- 2020.- Vol.6.- Issue 2.- Article e03325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valentinuzzi, F., Cavani, L., Porfido, C., Terzano, R., Pii, Y., Cesco, S., Marzadori, C. &amp; Mimmo, T. (2020). The fertilising potential of manurebased biogas fermentation residues: pelleted vs. liquid digestate. Heliyon, 6 (2), e03325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03325 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iqbal, N. Socioeconomic impacts of doestic biogas plants on rural households to strengthen energy security / N. Iqbal, M.A. Sakhani, A.R.Khan, A.U. Rehman, Z. Ajmal, M.Z. Khan // Environmental Science and Pollution Research.- 2021.- Vol. 28.- P.27446–27456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12633-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iqbal, N., Sakhani, M.A., Khan, A.R., Rehman, A.U., Ajmal, Z. &amp; Khan, M.Z. (2021). Socioeconomic impacts of domestic biogas plants on rural households to strengthen energy security. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 27446–27456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12633-2 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng, Y. Assessing and prioritizing biogas energy barriers: A sustainable roadmap for energy security / Y. Feng, M. Shoaib, R. Akram, I. Alnafrah, F. Ai, M.Irfan//Renewable Energy.-2024.- Vol. 223.- Article 120053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng, Y., Shoaib, M., Akram, R., Alnafrah, I., Ai, F. &amp; Irfan, M. (2024). Assessing and prioritizing biogas energy barriers: A sustainable roadmap for energy security. Renewable Energy, 223, 120053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120053 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan, M.U. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan / M.U. Khan, M. Ahmad, M. Sultan, I. Sohoo, P.C. Ghimire, A. Zahid, A. Sarwar, M. Farooq, U. Sajjad, P. Abdeshahian, M. Yousaf // Sustainability.-2021.- Vol.13.- Issue 12.- Article 6751. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan, M.U., Ahmad, M., Sultan, M., Sohoo, I., Ghimire, P.C., Zahid, A., Sarwar, A., Farooq, M., Sajjad, U., Abdeshahian, P. &amp; Yousaf, M. (2021). Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability, 13 (12), 6751. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126751 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahal, Z. Spatial Estimation of Biogas and Compost Potential for Sustainable Livestock Manure Management in Bangladesh / Z. Mahal, H. Yabar // Applied Sciences.-2025.- Vol.15.- Issue 12.- Article 6753. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126753</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahal, Z. &amp; Yabar, H. (2025). Spatial Estimation of Biogas and Compost Potential for Sustainable Livestock Manure Management in Bangladesh. Applied Sciences, 15 (12), 6753. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126753 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dulatbay, Y. The Current Status and Lost Biogas Production Potential of Kazakhstan from Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock and Poultry Manure / Y. Dulatbay, J. Yu, Zh. Sugirbaeva, A. Kazambayeva, S. Yessengaliyeva // Energies.- 2022.- Vol.15.- Issue 9.- Article 3270. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093270</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dulatbay, Y., Yu, J., Sugirbaeva, Zh., Kazambayeva, A. &amp; Yessengaliyeva, S. (2022). The Current Status and Lost Biogas Production Potential of Kazakhstan from Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock and Poultry Manure. Energies, 15 (9), Article 3270. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093270 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бюро национальной статистики Агентства по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан [Электронный ресурс].- 2026.– URL: https://www.stat.gov.kz/ru/ (дата обращения 12.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjuro nacional’noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniju i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan [Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2026). Available at: https://www.stat.gov.kz/ru/ (date of access: 12.06.2026) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amerzhanova, D.A. Economic assessment of bioeconomy in agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan: world experience and priority areas / D.A. Amerzhanova, R.B. Sartova, A.B. Baimukhanov // Problems of AgriMarket.-2025.- N1.- P.157-166. https://doi.org/10.46666/2025-1.2708-9991.14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amerzhanova, D.A., Sartova, R.B. &amp; Baimukhanov, A.B. (2025). Economic assessment of bioeconomy in agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan: world experience and priority areas. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 1, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.46666/2025-1.2708-9991.14 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамбаулова, Г.К. Интеграция молочных ферм полного цикла в региональную экономику: инвестиционные аспекты / Г.К. Дамбаулова, Л.А. Байжанова, Г.К. Мусаева // Проблемы агрорынка.-2025.-N3.-С.130-137. https://doi.org/10.46666/2025-3.2708-9991.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dambaulova, G.K., Baizhanova, L.A. &amp; Musaeva, G.K. (2025). Integracija molochnyh ferm polnogo cikla v regional’nuju jekonomiku: investicionnye aspekty [Integration of full-cycle dairy farms into the regional economy: investment aspects]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 3, 130–137. https://doi.org/10.46666/2025-3.2708-9991.11 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen, J.F.L. Rural Development Potential in the Bioeconomy in Developed Countries: The Case of Biogas Production in Denmark / J.F.L. Sørensen, H.P. Jørgensen // Sustainability.-2022.- Vol.14.- Article 11077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen, J.F.L. &amp; Jørgensen, H.P. (2022). Rural Development Potential in the Bioeconomy in Developed Countries: The Case of Biogas Production in Denmark. Sustainability, 14, 11077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711077 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
