<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agroprob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы агрорынка</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of AgriMarket</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1817-728X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-9991</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46666/2026-3.2708-9991.22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agroprob-2579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Слово молодым ученым</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The word to young scientists</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерный разрыв в оплате труда жителей сельской местности Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender Wage Gap Among Rural Residents in Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5494-6624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байузакова</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baiuzakova</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байузакова Гульмира Илесовна; докторант Ph.D; старший преподаватель кафедры «Менеджмент и маркетинг»</p><p>050022 ул. Муратбаева, 200, г. Алматы, Казахстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baiuzakova Gulmira; PhD student; Senior Lecturer of the Department of Management and Marketing</p><p>050022 Muratbayeva str., 200, Almaty, Kazakhstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulmira_success@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский университет международных отношений и мировых языков имени Абылай хана</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh Ablai khan University of International Relations and World Language</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>252</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Байузакова Г.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байузакова Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baiuzakova G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2579">https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2579</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день проблема гендерной асимметрии в оплате труда на рынке трудовых ресурсов сельских территорий Казахстана остается актуальной. Цель – проанализировать современное состояние гендерного неравенства в заработной плате в сельской местности, диагностировать риски, обнаружить слабые стороны и разработать меры по сокращению гендерного дисбаланса в данной сфере. Методы – сбор и сравнительный анализ данных на основе изучения отечественных и зарубежных практик гендерной диспропорции. Результаты – установлено, что трудоспособное население сельских районов страны характеризуется оттоком жителей в города, низкими абсолютными доходами, дефицитом квалифицированных кадров, высокой долей неформальной занятости и индексом трудовой активности женщин в сельском хозяйстве, имеющим значение 9,09%, что намного ниже норматива. Максимальный гендерный разрыв в 2025г. выявлен в Мангистауском регионе, разница по сравнению с Жетысуской областью составляет 40 процентных пунктов. На показатели гендерной асимметрии в денежных выплатах в значительной степени влияет структура валового регионального продукта. Выводы – автор предлагает ряд механизмов, направленных на уменьшение гендерного неравенства в республике: законодательные инициативы, ужесточающие государственный контроль и ответственность за ущемление прав женского контингента; совершенствование информационных систем государственного статистического учета; противодействие с гендерным стереотипом через обучение и информационные кампании; организацию центров трудовой мобильности и реализацию региональных целевых программ для увеличения женского представительства на руководящих должностях и в агробизнесе. Необходимы системные изменения, доступ к высокооплачиваемым позициям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Today, the problem of gender asymmetry in pay within the labor market of Kazakhstan’s rural areas remains relevant. Objective – to analyze the current state of gender wage inequality in rural areas, diagnose risks, identify weaknesses, and develop measures to reduce the gender imbalance in this area. Methods – collection and comparative analysis of data based on the study of domestic and international practices regarding gender disparity. Results – it was established that the working-age population of the country’s rural areas is characterized by an outflow of residents to cities, low absolute incomes, a shortage of qualified personnel, a high share of informal employment, and a female labor activity index in agriculture equal to 9.09 %, which is far below the standard. The maximum gender gap in 2025 was identified in the Mangystau region, with the difference compared to the Zhetysu region reaching 40 percentage points. Indicators of gender asymmetry in monetary payments are significantly influenced by the structure of the gross regional product. Conclusions – the author proposes a series of mechanisms aimed at reducing gender inequality in the republic: legislative initiatives tightening state control and accountability for the infringement of women’s rights; improvement of state statistical accounting information systems; countering gender stereotypes through training and information campaigns; organization of labor mobility centers and implementation of regional targeted programs to increase female representation in leadership positions and agribusiness. Systemic changes and access to high-paying positions are required.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельские территории</kwd><kwd>гендерный разрыв</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>заработная плата</kwd><kwd>индекс трудовой активности</kwd><kwd>доходы</kwd><kwd>трудовая мобильность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rural areas</kwd><kwd>gender gap</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>wages</kwd><kwd>labor activity index</kwd><kwd>income</kwd><kwd>labor mobility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Об утверждении Концепции семейной и гендерной политики в Республике Казахстан до 2030 года [Электронный ресурс]. –2023.- URL: https://www.https://adilet.zan.kz (дата обращения: 15.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ob utverzhdenii Koncepcii semejnoj i gendernoj politiki v Respublike Kazahstan do 2030 goda [On approval of the Concept of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030] (2023). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U1600000384 (date of access: 15.06.2026) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О государственных гарантиях равных прав и равных возможностей мужчин и женщин» [Электронный ресурс]. –2025. - URL: https://www.adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z090000223_/z090223.htm (дата обращения: 11.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O gosudarstvennyh garantijah ravnyh prav i ravnyh vozmozhnostej muzhchin i zhenshchin [On state guarantees of equal rights and equal opportunities for men and women] (2025). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z090000223_ (date of access: 11.06.2026) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pay Transparency in Progress Valuing Jobs, Closing Gender Pay Gaps: Report [Electronic resource].- 2025. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pay-transparency-inprogress_121f268d-en/full-report/pay-transparencyin-progress_6f4e7063.html (date of access: 26.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pay Transparency in Progress Valuing Jobs, Closing Gender Pay Gaps: Report (2025). Available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pay-transparency-in-progress_121f268d-en/full-report/pay-transparency-in-progress_6f4e7063.html (date of access: 26.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gender pay gap in U.S. has narrowed slightly over 2 decades [Electronic resource].- 2025. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/03/04/gender-pay-gap-in-us-hasnarrowed-slightly-over-2-decades/ (date of access: 26.07.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gender pay gap in U.S. has narrowed slightly over 2 decades (2025). Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/03/04/gender-paygap-in-us-has-narrowed-slightly-over-2-decades/ (date of access: 26.07.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gender Pay Gap Report (GPGR) [Electronic resource]. -2026. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/featured-content/gender-pay-gap (date of access: 26.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2026 Gender Pay Gap Report (GPGR) (2026). Available at: https://www.payscale.com/featured-content/gender-pay-gap (date of access: 26.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pay Gap Report. KPMG UK [Electronic resource].-2026. Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/about/our-impact/report-hub/pay-gap.html (date of access: 26.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pay Gap Report. KPMG UK (2026). Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/about/our-impact/report-hub/pay-gap.html (date of access: 26.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Largest Gender Pay Gaps in OECD Countries [Electronic resource]. -2024. Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-largest-gender-pay-gaps-inoecd-countries/ (date of access: 12.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Largest Gender Pay Gaps in OECD Countries (2024). Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-largest-gender-pay-gaps-in-oecd-countries/ (date of access: 12.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разрыв в зарплатах между мужчинами и женщинами [Электронный ресурс]. – 2026.- URL: https://www.fontanka.ru/2026/05/05/76404070/ (дата обращения: 12.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razryv v zarplatah mezhdu muzhchinami i zhenshchinami [The gender pay gap] (2026). Available at: https://www.fontanka.ru/2026/05/05/76404070/ (date of access: 12.06.2026) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elefante, M., Tazeen, H., Hyland, M., Martins, N.M.S., Trumbic, T. Accelerating Gender Equality Through Reforming Legal Frameworks [Electronic resource].-2023. Available at: https://www.openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6785737d-b8f7-45d0-a0bdb54825495d1a/content (date of access: 26.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elefante, M., Tazeen, H., Hyland, M., Martins, N.M.S. &amp; Trumbic, T. (2023). Accelerating Gender Equality Through Reforming Legal Frameworks. Available at: https://www.openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6785737d-b8f7-45d0-a0bd-b54825495d1a/content (date of access: 26.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heath, R. Intrahousehold Bargaining, Female Autonomy, and Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence from India / R.Heath, T.Xu // Journal of the European Economic Associationю – 2020. - No. 18.-Issue 4. - P. 1928–1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heath, R. &amp; Xu, T. (2020). Intrahousehold Bargaining, Female Autonomy, and Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence from India. Journal of the European Economic Association, 18 (4), 1928–1968 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pande, R. If You Compete with Us, We Shan’t Marry You: The (Mary Paley and) Alfred Marshall Lecture / R.Pande, H.Roy // Journal of the European Economic Association. – 2021. - No. 19.-Issue 6. - P. 2992–3024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pande, R. &amp; Roy, H. (2021). If You Compete with Us, We Shan’t Marry You: The (Mary Paley and) Alfred Marshall Lecture. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19 (6), 2992–3024 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емелина, Н.К. Проблемы гендерного неравенства в формировании заработной платы в Республике Казахстан / Н.К. Емелина, А.Т. Омарова, А.К. Курманалина, М.Ф. Грело // Вестник Казахского национального университета имени аль-Фараби. Серия экономическая. – 2018. - № 2(124). – С. 85-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelina, N.K., Omarova, A.T., Kurmanalina, A.K. &amp; Grelo, M.F. (2018). Problemy gendernogo neravenstva v formirovanii zarabotnoj platy v Respublike Kazahstan [Problems of gender inequality in wage formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Vestnik Kazahskogo nacional’nogo universiteta imeni al’-Farabi. Serija jekonomicheskaja - Journal of Kazakh National University. Economic Series, 2 (124), 85–93 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сатыбалдин, А.А. Социально-экономическое благополучие населения Казахстана: оценка и анализ гендерных различий в оплате труда / А.А. Сатыбалдин, К.Е Изгуттиева, А.Омир // Экономика: стратегия и практика. – 2023. - № 18(2). – С. 7-22. https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2023-2-7-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Satybaldin, A.A., Izguttieva, K.E. &amp; Omir, A. (2023). Social’no-jekonomicheskoe blagopoluchie naselenija Kazahstana: ocenka i analiz gendernyh razlichij v oplate truda [Socio-economic well-being of the population of Kazakhstan: assessment and analysis of gender differences in pay]. Jekonomika: strategija i praktika - Economics: Strategy and Practice, 18 (2), 7–22 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авров, А.П. Гендерные неравенства в заработной плате в странах Евразийского союза / А.П. Авров, А.А. Исмагулова, А.А. Мусульманкулова // Central Asian Economic Review. – 2023. - № (2). – С. 31-43. https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-2-31-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avrov, A.P., Ismagulova, A.A. &amp; Musulmankulova, A.A. (2023). Gendernye neravenstva v zarabotnoj plate v stranah Evrazijskogo sojuza [Gender inequalities in wages in the countries of the Eurasian Union]. Central Asian Economic Review, 2, 31–43 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бектурганова, М.С. Гендерные различия на рынке труда Казахстана и их влияние на экономический рост / М.С. Бектурганова, А. Серикова // Журнал социальных наук Кайнара. – 2025. - № 4(3). – С. 79-94. https://doi.org/10.58732/2958-7212-2025-3-79-94</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekturganova, M.S. &amp; Serikova, A. (2025). Gendernye razlichija na rynke truda Kazahstana i ih vlijanie na jekonomicheskij rost [Gender differences in the Kazakh labor market and their impact on economic growth]. Zhurnal social’nyh nauk Kajnara – Kainar Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (3), 79–94 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акыбаева, Г. Влияние гендерного неравенства в оплате труда на формирование женского лидерства в системе государственного управления / Г. Акыбаева, З. Ескерова, С.Мамбетова, Ш. Ниязбекова // Статистика, учет и аудит. – 2025. - № 4(99). – С. 75–86. https://doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2025.-4.06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akybaeva, G., Eskerova, Z., Mambetova, S. &amp; Niyazbekova, Sh. (2025). Vlijanie gendernogo neravenstva v oplate truda na formirovanie zhenskogo liderstva v sisteme gosudarstvennogo upravlenija [The impact of gender inequality in pay on the formation of female leadership in public administration]. Statistika, uchet i audit - Statistics, Accounting and Audit, 4 (99), 75–86 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Gender Gap Report [Electronic resource]. -2025, 2026. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gapreport-2025/ (date of access: 12.06.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Gender Gap Report (2025). Available at: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2025/ (date of access: 12.06.2026) [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
