<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agroprob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы агрорынка</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of AgriMarket</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1817-728X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-9991</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт экономики агропромышленного комплекса и развития села</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46666/2025-4.2708-9991.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agroprob-2355</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономический механизм хозяйствования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The economic mechanism of management</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономическая эффективность сельскохозяйственных предприятий: критерии и показатели оценки, воздействие рисков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises: criteria and evaluation indicators, impact of risks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-1261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусина</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mussina</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусина Гульнара Сартаевна – основной автор; Ph.D; руководитель офиса коммерциализации.</p><p>010000 пр.Жеңіс, 62, Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mussina Gulnara Sartayevna - The main author; Ph.D; Head of the Commercialization Office.</p><p>010000 Zhenis Ave., 62, Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gmusina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-330X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусайынов</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kussaiynov</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кусайынов Талгат Аманжолович - доктор экономических наук, профессор; профессор кафедры «Финансы, учет и аудит».</p><p>010000 пр.Жеңіс, 62, Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kussaiynov Talgat Amanzholovich - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor; Professor of the Department of Finance, Accounting and Audit.</p><p>010000 Zhenis Ave., 62, Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gmusina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-200X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадринов</surname><given-names>М. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadrinov</surname><given-names>M. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадринов Маулет Хасенович - старший преподаватель кафедры «Финансы, учет и аудит».</p><p>010000 пр.Жеңіс, 62, Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadrinov Maulet Khasenovich - Senior Lecturer of the Department of Finance, Accounting and Audit.</p><p>010000 Zhenis Ave., 62, Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkadrinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский агротехнический исследовательский университет им. С. Сейфуллина<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical Research University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мусина Г.С., Кусайынов Т.А., Кадринов М.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мусина Г.С., Кусайынов Т.А., Кадринов М.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mussina G.S., Kussaiynov T.A., Kadrinov M.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2355">https://www.jpra-kazniiapk.kz/jour/article/view/2355</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - рассмотрено влияние фактора неприятия риска, а также субсидий на выбор направления и структуры производства сельскохозяйственных предприятий в природно-экономических условиях Северного Казахстана.</p><p>Методы - использованы данные обследования хозяйств за период с 2020 по 2024 годы для построения математической модели. Исходное предположение состояло в том, что дотации оказывают существенное воздействие на отношение фермера к рискованным решениям, формирование производственной системы агроформирований, способствуют более полному использованию их экономических ресурсов. Организационный принцип моделирования основан на стохастическом подходе, который позволяет учитывать изменчивость природной среды, ценовых критериев и поведенческих особенностей сельхозпроизводителей, анализировать эффект минимизации риска, предпочтения безрисковых ситуаций в стратегии хозяйствования.</p><p>Результаты – расчёты по риск-модели подтвердили, что растениеводство в регионе обладает относительным рыночным преимуществом в сравнении с животноводством. При этом развитие мясо-молочного скотоводства возможно лишь при действенном механизме государственного субсидирования и иных мерах финансовой поддержки, компенсирующих высокий уровень неопределенности, вероятности неблагоприятного исхода, обеспечивающих устойчивость доходов.</p><p>Выводы - оптимизация только двух или трёх ключевых отраслей в хозяйстве может быть достаточным для заметного снижения материальных потерь и нестабильности. Создание бизнес-модели с максимизацией ожидаемой полезности требует значительных интеллектуальных, финансовых и временных ресурсов. Поэтому использование такого алгоритма оправдано, когда ставится задача прогнозирования и анализа возможных последствий от реализации крупных территориальных агроэкономических программ: значительные объемы вложений средств, выделяемых на разработку такой операционной схемы, обусловливаются масштабностью и общественной значимостью подобных инициатив, необходимостью повышения конкурентоспособности хозяйствующего субъекта на рынке, поиска оптимальных путей сбыта продукции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose is to examine the impact of the risk aversion factor, as well as subsidies, on the choice of production direction and structure of agricultural enterprises under the natural and economic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.</p><p>Methods — farm survey data for the period 2020– 2024 were used to build a mathematical model. The initial assumption was that subsidies have a significant impact on farmers’ attitudes toward risky decisions, the formation of production systems of agricultural entities, and contribute to more complete utilization of their economic resources. The organizational principle of modeling is based on a stochastic approach, which makes it possible to account for variability of the natural environment, price criteria, and behavioral characteristics of agricultural producers, and to analyze the effect of risk minimization and preferences for risk-free situations in farming strategies.</p><p>Results — calculations using the risk model confirmed that crop production in the region has a relative market advantage compared to livestock production. At the same time, the development of meat and dairy cattle breeding is possible only with an effective mechanism of state subsidization and other financial support measures that compensate for a high level of uncertainty and the probability of unfavorable outcomes, ensuring income stability.</p><p>Conclusions — optimization of only two or three key sectors within a farm may be sufficient to significantly reduce material losses and instability. Creating a business model with maximization of expected utility requires substantial intellectual, financial, and time resources. Therefore, the use of such an algorithm is justified when the task is to forecast and analyze possible consequences of implementing large territorial agroeconomic programs: significant volumes of invested funds allocated to develop such an operational scheme are conditioned by the scale and social significance of such initiatives, the need to enhance the competitiveness of the economic entity in the market, and to search for optimal product marketing channels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аграрный сектор</kwd><kwd>растениеводство</kwd><kwd>животноводство</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные предприятия</kwd><kwd>риск-модель</kwd><kwd>функция полезности</kwd><kwd>субсидирование</kwd><kwd>общехозяйственное планирование</kwd><kwd>маржинальный доход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agrarian sector</kwd><kwd>crop production</kwd><kwd>livestock production</kwd><kwd>agricultural enterprises</kwd><kwd>risk model</kwd><kwd>utility function</kwd><kwd>subsidization</kwd><kwd>general economic planning</kwd><kwd>marginal income</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рустембаев, Б.Е. Орта мерзімді кезеңге қазақстан ауыл шаруашылығын мемлекеттік қолдау / Б.Е. Рустембаев, Д.Т. Ахметова, Р.М. Жунусова //Проблемы агрорынка. – 2024. – № 1. – Б. 48-58. https://doi.org/10.46666/2024-1.2708-9991.04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rustembaev, B.E., Akhmetova, D.T., Zhunusova, R.M. (2024). Orta merzimdı kezeñge Qazaqstan auyl şaruaşylyğyn memlekettık qoldau [State support of agriculture of Kazakhstan for the medium term]. Problemy agrorynka – Problems of AgriMarket, 1, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.46666/2024-1.2708-9991.04 [in Kazakh].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">МСХ: ₸450 млрд. направили на субсидирование АПК в 2024 году [Электронный ресурс].– 2025. – URL: https://www.24.kz/ru/news/onomyc/700067-mskh-kzt450-mlrd-napra-vili-na-subsidirovanie-apk-v-2024-godu (дата обращения: 16.09.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MSH: ₸450 mlrd. napravili na subsidirovanie APK v 2024 godu [₸450 billion allocated to subsidize the agro-industrial complex in 2024] (2025). Available at: https://www.24.kz/ru/news/onomyc/700067-mskh-kzt450-mlrd-napravili-nasubsidirovanie-apk-v-2024-godu (date of access: 16.09.2025) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell, L.W. Diversified crop-livestock farms are risk efficient in the face of price and production variability / L.W. Bell, A.D. Moore, D.T. Thomas // Agricultural Systems. – 2021. – Vol. 189. – P. 1030-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell, L.W., Moore, A.D., Thomas, D.T. (2021). Diversified crop-livestock farms are risk efficient in the face of price and production variability. Agricultural Systems, 189, 103050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103050 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahimi, J. A shift from cattle to camel and goat farming can sustain milk production with lower inputs and emissions in north sub-Saharan Africa’s drylands /j. Rahimi, E. Fillol, J.Y. Mutua, G. Cinardi, T.P. Robinson, A.M. Notenbaert, K. Butterbach-Bahl // Nature Food. – 2022. – Vol. 3. – №. 7. – P. 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00543-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahimi, J., Fillol, E., Mutua, J.Y., Cinardi, G., Robinson, T.P., Notenbaert, A.M., Butterbach-Bahl, K. (2022). A shift from cattle to camel and goat farming can sustain milk production with lower inputs and emissions in north sub-Saharan Africa’s drylands. Nature Food, 3(7), 523–531. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00543-6 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang, Z. Examining the effects of adopting early maturing crop varieties on agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, and mitigation / Ruiz-J. Menjivar, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Shen // International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. – 2024. – Vol. 19. – Р. 12561274.https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctad150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang, Z., Ruiz J.-Menjivar, Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Shen, X. (2024). Examining the effects of adopting early maturing crop varieties on agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, and mitigation. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 19, 1256–1274. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctad150 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaffril, H. A. M. Diversification of agriculture practices as a response to climate change impacts among farmers in low-income countries: A systematic literature review / H.A.M. Shaffril, A.A. Samah, S.F. Samsuddin, N. Ahmad, F. Tangang, S.F.A. Sidique, N.A. Khalid //Climate Services. – 2024. – Vol.35. –Р. 100508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaffril, H.A.M., Samah, A.A., Samsuddin, S.F., Ahmad, N., Tangang, F., Sidique, S.F.A., Khalid, N.A. (2024). Diversification of agriculture practices as a response to climate change impacts among farmers in low-income countries: A systematic literature review. Climate Services, 35, 100508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100508 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blay, K. From Portfolio Selection to Portfolio Choice: Remembering Harry Markowitz / K.Blay // The Journal of Portfolio Management. – 2024. Vol. 50.Issue 8. – P. 45-58. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2024.50.8.045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blay, K. (2024). From portfolio selection to portfolio choice: Remembering Harry Markowitz. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 50(8), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2024.50.8.045 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burbano-Figueroa, O. Farm-planning under risk: An application of decision analysis and portfolio theory for the assessment of crop diversification strategies in horticultural systems / O. Burbano-Figueroa, A. Sierra-Monroy, A. David-Hinestroza, C. Whitney, C. Borgemeister, E. Luedeling //Agricultural Systems. – 2022. – Vol.199. – P. 103409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burbano-Figueroa, O., Sierra-Monroy, A., David-Hinestroza, A., Whitney, C., Borgemeister, C., Luedeling, E. (2022). Farm-planning under risk: An application of decision analysis and portfolio theory for the assessment of crop diversification strategies in horticultural systems. Agricultural Systems, 199, 103409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103409 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kussaiynov, T. Production Diversification as a Tool for Agricultural Risk Management: The Case of Northern Kazakhstan / T. Kussaiynov, G. Mussina, S. Tokenova, S. Mambetova // WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. – 2023. – Vol. 20. – P. 2457-2465. https://doi.org / 10.37394/23207.2023.20.210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kussaiynov, T., Mussina, G., Tokenova, S., Mambetova, S. (2023). Production diversification as a tool for agricultural risk management: The case of Northern Kazakhstan. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 20, 2457-2465. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.210 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elminejad, A. Relative risk aversion: A meta‐analysis / A. Elminejad, T. Havranek, Z. Irsova //Journal of Economic Surveys. – 2025. – P. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elminejad, A., Havranek, T., Irsova, Z. (2025). Relative risk aversion: A meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12689 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardacker, J.B. Coping with risk in Agriculture /j.B. Hardacker, R.B.M. Huirne, J.R. Anderson, G. Lien. CAB International, Wallingford, 2015 276 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardacker, J.B., Huirne, R.B.M., Anderson, J.R., Lien, G. (2015). Coping with risk in agriculture. Wallingford: CAB International, 276 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ascari, G. Empirical Evidence on the Euler Equation for Consumption in the US / G. Ascari, L.M. Magnusson, S. Mavroeidis //Journal of Monetary Economics.2021.Issue 117.– P. 129-152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ascari, G., Magnusson, L.M., Mavroeidis, S. (2021). Empirical evidence on the Euler equation for consumption in the US. Journal of Monetary Economics, 117, 129–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.12.004 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown, A. L. Meta-Analysis of Empirical Estimates of Loss-Aversion / A.L. Brown, T. Imai, F. Vieider, C. Camerer //journal of Economic Literature. – 2024. -No. 2. – P. 485-516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown, A.L., Imai, T., Vieider, F., Camerer, C. (2024). Meta-analysis of empirical estimates of loss-aversion. Journal of Economic Literature, 2, 485–516 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lien, G. Production function and farmers’ risk aversion: a certainty equivalent-adjusted production function / G. Lien, S.C. Kumbhakar, A. K. Mishra //Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. – 2023. –Vol. 55.– Issue 2. – P.324-340. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2023.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lien, G., Kumbhakar, S.C., Mishra, A.K. (2023). Production function and farmers’ risk aversion: A certainty equivalent-adjusted production function. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 55(2), 324–340. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2023.18 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маденова, К.М. Қазақстан Республикасының етті мал шаруашылығындағы өнімділікті арттыруға арналған мемлекеттік субсидиялар: іске асыру құралдары/К.М. Маденова, Ф. А.Шуленбаева, Г. А.Асанова // Проблемы агрорынка. – 2023. – №. 1. – С. 80-87. https://doi.org/10.46666/2023-1.2708-9991.09</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madenova, K.M., Shulenbaeva, F.A., Asanova, G.A. (2023). Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ ettı mal şaruaşylyğyndağı öndırıstık öndırımdılıktı arttyruga arnalğan memlekettık subsidiyalar: ıske asyru qūraldary [State subsidies aimed at increasing productivity in beef cattle breeding of the Republic of Kazakhstan: implementation tools]. Problemy agrorynka – Problems of AgriMarket, 1, 80–87. https://doi.org/10.46666/2023-1.2708-9991.09 [in Kazakh].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winston, W. Practical Management Science / Winston W., Albright S . – Boston: Cengage Learning, 2019. 843 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winston, W., Albright, S. (2019). Practical management science. Boston: Cengage Learning, 843 [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
